(a) Show that the equation Axyz=123 has a unique solution and interpret this situation geometrically.
(3)
(b) Show that the eigenvalues of A are a, 1−a and −1.
(2)
(c) Find a matrix P and a diagonal matrix D such that A4=PDP−1.
(6)
(d) Use the characteristic equation of A to find A4 in terms of A and a.
(3)
题目中文翻译
矩阵 A 为
A=a00−6a1−a2−a2a+20−1,
其中 a 是常数,且 a=0、a=1。
(a) 证明方程 Axyz=123 有唯一解,并从几何角度解释这种情况。
(3)
(b) 证明 A 的特征值为 a、1−a 和 −1。
(2)
(c) 求矩阵 P 和对角矩阵 D,使得 A4=PDP−1。
(6)
(d) 用 A 的特征方程求 A4,用 A 和 a 表示。
(3)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
Expanding along the first column gives detA=−a(1−a). This is non-zero since a=0,1, so the matrix equation has a unique solution. Geometrically the three planes meet at exactly one point.
选取三个无需除以含 a 因子的特征向量,直接相乘验证。即使某两个特征值相等,只要这三个向量线性无关,仍可组成 P。
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The first column of A shows that (1,0,0)T is an eigenvector with eigenvalue a. For eigenvalue 1−a, choosing v2=v3 and v1=2v2 makes all rows of (A−(1−a)I)v zero. For eigenvalue −1, choosing v2=0 and v1=−2v3 makes (A+I)v=0. In particular,
Since detP=1, the eigenvectors form a basis for every allowed a, including values with repeated eigenvalues. The fourth powers therefore give A4=PDP−1.