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CIE 9231 2024 June Paper 21 Q2

A Level / CIE / FP2

CIE 9231 2024 June Paper 21 Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

Find the Maclaurin’s series for

e1+x2+e1−xe^{1+x^2}+e^{1-x}

up to and including the term in x2x^2.

[4]
题目中文翻译

求

e1+x2+e1−xe^{1+x^2}+e^{1-x}

的 Maclaurin 级数,展开至并包括 x2x^2 项。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

解法一

思路

展开

先提出公共因子 ee,再分别把标准指数展开中的变量换成 x2x^2 和 −x-x,保留至 x2x^2 项。

答题过程

展开

Using the standard expansion

eu=1+u+u22+O(u3),e^u=1+u+\frac{u^2}{2}+O(u^3),

we obtain

e1+x2= e(1+x2+O(x4)),e1−x= e(1−x+x22+O(x3)).\begin{align*} e^{1+x^2}=&\,e\big(1+x^2+O(x^4)\big),\\ e^{1-x}=&\,e\bigg(1-x+\frac{x^2}{2}+O(x^3)\bigg). \end{align*}

Adding gives the required Maclaurin series:

e1+x2+e1−x=2e−ex+3e2x2+O(x3).\boxed{e^{1+x^2}+e^{1-x}=2e-ex+\frac{3e}{2}x^2+O(x^3)}.

解法二

思路

展开

也可直接求函数在 00 处的一阶、二阶导数,再代入 Maclaurin 公式。对第一项求导时要保留内层 x2x^2 的导数。

答题过程

展开

Let f(x)=e1+x2+e1−xf(x)=e^{1+x^2}+e^{1-x}. Differentiating gives

f′(x)= 2xe1+x2−e1−x,f′′(x)= (2+4x2)e1+x2+e1−x.\begin{align*} f'(x)=&\,2xe^{1+x^2}-e^{1-x},\\ f''(x)=&\,(2+4x^2)e^{1+x^2}+e^{1-x}. \end{align*}

Thus f(0)=2ef(0)=2e, f′(0)=−ef'(0)=-e, and f′′(0)=3ef''(0)=3e. Therefore

f(x)= f(0)+xf′(0)+x22f′′(0)+O(x3)= 2e−ex+3e2x2+O(x3).\begin{align*} f(x)=&\,f(0)+xf'(0)+\frac{x^2}{2}f''(0)+O(x^3)\\ =&\,\boxed{2e-ex+\frac{3e}{2}x^2+O(x^3)}. \end{align*}