Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

CIE 9231 2024 June Paper 21 Q4

A Level / CIE / FP2

CIE 9231 2024 June Paper 21 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

It is given that, for n≥0n\ge0,

In=∫0ln⁡3sech⁡nx dx.I_n=\int_0^{\ln3}\operatorname{sech}^n x\,\mathrm{d}x.

(a) Show that, for n≥2n\ge2,

(n−1)In=(35)n−2(45)+(n−2)In−2.(n-1)I_n=\left(\frac{3}{5}\right)^{n-2}\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)+(n-2)I_{n-2}.

You may use the result that

ddx(sech⁡x)=−tanh⁡xsech⁡x.\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}(\operatorname{sech}x)=-\tanh x\operatorname{sech}x.
[5]

(b) Find the value of I4I_4.

[3]
题目中文翻译

已知当 n≥0n\ge0 时,

In=∫0ln⁡3sech⁡nx dxI_n=\int_0^{\ln3}\operatorname{sech}^n x\,\mathrm{d}x

(a) 证明当 n≥2n\ge2 时,

(n−1)In=(35)n−2(45)+(n−2)In−2(n-1)I_n=\left(\frac{3}{5}\right)^{n-2}\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)+(n-2)I_{n-2}

可使用以下结果:

ddx(sech⁡x)=−tanh⁡xsech⁡x\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}(\operatorname{sech}x)=-\tanh x\operatorname{sech}x
(5)

(b) 求 I4I_4 的值。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

把 sech⁡nx\operatorname{sech}^n x 拆成 sech⁡n−2x\operatorname{sech}^{n-2}x 和 sech⁡2x\operatorname{sech}^2x 做分部积分。用 tanh⁡2x=1−sech⁡2x\tanh^2 x=1-\operatorname{sech}^2x 把剩下的积分写成两个 II。

答题过程

展开

Take u=sech⁡n−2xu=\operatorname{sech}^{n-2}x and dv=sech⁡2x dx\mathrm{d}v=\operatorname{sech}^2x\,\mathrm{d}x. Then v=tanh⁡xv=\tanh x and

dudx=−(n−2)sech⁡n−2xtanh⁡x.\frac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}x}=-(n-2)\operatorname{sech}^{n-2}x\tanh x.

Integration by parts gives

In= [sech⁡n−2xtanh⁡x]0ln⁡3 +(n−2)∫0ln⁡3sech⁡n−2xtanh⁡2x dx= [sech⁡n−2xtanh⁡x]0ln⁡3+(n−2)(In−2−In).\begin{align*} I_n=&\,[\operatorname{sech}^{n-2}x\tanh x]_0^{\ln3}\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+(n-2)\int_0^{\ln3}\operatorname{sech}^{n-2}x\tanh^2x\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,[\operatorname{sech}^{n-2}x\tanh x]_0^{\ln3} +(n-2)(I_{n-2}-I_n). \end{align*}

At 00, tanh⁡x=0\tanh x=0. At x=ln⁡3x=\ln3, the exponential definitions give

sech⁡(ln⁡3)= 23+1/3=35,tanh⁡(ln⁡3)= 3−1/33+1/3=45.\begin{align*} \operatorname{sech}(\ln3)=&\,\frac{2}{3+1/3}=\frac35,\\ \tanh(\ln3)=&\,\frac{3-1/3}{3+1/3}=\frac45. \end{align*}

Rearranging gives

(n−1)In=(35)n−245+(n−2)In−2.(n-1)I_n=\big(\frac35\big)^{n-2}\frac45+(n-2)I_{n-2}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先积分求 I2I_2,再令递推式中的 n=4n=4。

答题过程

展开

Since I2=[tanh⁡x]0ln⁡3=45I_2=[\tanh x]_0^{\ln3}=\frac45, setting n=4n=4 gives

3I4=(35)245+2⋅45=236125.3I_4=\big(\frac35\big)^2\frac45+2\cdot\frac45 =\frac{236}{125}.

Thus I4=236375\boxed{I_4=\frac{236}{375}}.

解法二

思路

展开

也可直接用 u=tanh⁡xu=\tanh x。一对 sech⁡2x dx\operatorname{sech}^2 x\,\mathrm{d}x 变成 du\mathrm{d}u,另一对用 1−u21-u^2 代换。

答题过程

展开

Let u=tanh⁡xu=\tanh x, so du=sech⁡2x dx\mathrm{d}u=\operatorname{sech}^2x\,\mathrm{d}x and sech⁡2x=1−u2\operatorname{sech}^2x=1-u^2. Then

I4=∫04/5(1−u2) du=[u−u33]04/5=236375.I_4=\int_0^{4/5}(1-u^2)\,\mathrm{d}u =\bigg[u-\frac{u^3}{3}\bigg]_0^{4/5} =\frac{236}{375}.