题目
Problem
The diagram shows the curve with equation y=x2+11 for 0≤x≤1, together with a set of n rectangles of width n1.
(a) By considering the sum of the areas of these rectangles, show that
r=1∑nn2+r2n<41π.
[5]
(b) Use a similar method to find a lower bound for ∑r=1nn2+r2n. Give your answer in terms of n and π.
[4]
(c) Deduce the exact value of limn→∞∑r=1nn2+r2n.
[1]
题目中文翻译
图中显示曲线 y=x2+11,其中 0≤x≤1,以及一组宽度为 n1 的 n 个矩形。
(a) 通过考虑这些矩形面积之和,证明
r=1∑nn2+r2n<41π.
(5)
(b) 使用类似方法,求 ∑r=1nn2+r2n 的一个下界。答案需用 n 和 π 表示。
(4)
(c) 推出 limn→∞∑r=1nn2+r2n 的精确值。
(1)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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题图的矩形取右端点。函数递减,所以矩形总面积小于曲线下的面积,后者用反正切算出。
答题过程
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Let f(x)=1+x21. Since f is strictly decreasing on [0,1], each right-endpoint rectangle lies below the curve. Their total area is
Sn=n1[f(n1)+f(n2)+f(n3)+⋯+f(nn−1)+f(1)].
The displayed terms indicate the pattern, with n terms in total. In particular,
n1f(nr)=n11+r2/n21=n2+r2n.
Thus
Sn==<=n1r=1∑nf(nr)r=1∑nn2+r2n∫01f(x)dx[arctanx]01=4π.
(b)
解法一
思路
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左端点的矩形面积和大于积分。它和右端点的和相减时,只剩区间两个端点的贡献。
答题过程
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The left-endpoint rectangles give
n1r=0∑n−1f(nr)>4π.
This left-endpoint sum exceeds Sn by nf(0)−f(1)=2n1. Therefore
Sn>4π−2n1.
(c)
解法一
思路
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上下界都趋于 4π,直接用夹逼定理。
答题过程
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Since 4π−2n1<Sn<4π, the squeeze theorem gives
n→∞limr=1∑nn2+r2n=4π.