题目
Problem
Find the solution of the differential equation
dxdy−x2+6x+52x+6y=4,
given that y=0 when x=0. Give your answer in an exact form.
[9]
题目中文翻译
求微分方程
dxdy−x2+6x+52x+6y=4,
的解,已知当 x=0 时 y=0。答案需写成精确形式。
(9)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
解法一
思路
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y 的系数是 −Q′/Q,其中 Q=x2+6x+5。乘积分因子 1/Q 后,把右边拆成部分分式积分。
答题过程
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Let Q=(x+1)(x+5). On the interval x>−1 containing the initial point, an integrating factor is 1/Q, since the coefficient of y is −Q′/Q. In full,
exp(−∫QQ′dx)=exp(−lnQ)=Q1,
where Q>0 on this interval. Multiplying by this factor and using partial fractions gives
=dxd(Qy)Q4=x+11−x+51.
Integrating gives Qy=ln(x+5x+1)+C. At x=0 we have y=0, so C=ln5. Therefore
y=(x2+6x+5)ln(x+55(x+1)).