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CIE 9231 2025 June Paper 24 Q4

A Level / CIE / FP2

CIE 9231 2025 June Paper 24 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

A curve has parametric equations

x=t3−t2+t−1andy=tet.x = t^3 - t^2 + t - 1 \qquad\text{and}\qquad y = te^t.

(a) Show that 1 is the only real value of tt for which x=0x = 0.

[1]

(b) Show that

dydx=(t+1)et3t2−2t+1.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = \frac{(t + 1)e^t}{3t^2 - 2t + 1}.
[3]

(c) Find the Maclaurin’s series for yy up to and including the term in x2x^2.

[6]
题目中文翻译

一条曲线的参数方程为

x=t3−t2+t−1以及y=tetx = t^3 - t^2 + t - 1 \qquad\text{以及}\qquad y = te^t

(a) 证明当 x=0x = 0 时,11 是 tt 的唯一实数值。

(1)

(b) 证明

dydx=(t+1)et3t2−2t+1\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = \frac{(t + 1)e^t}{3t^2 - 2t + 1}
(3)

(c) 求 yy 的 Maclaurin 级数,展开到并包括 x2x^2 项。

(6)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

将 xx 的表达式分组因式分解,注意 t2+1t^2+1 对实数恒为正。

答题过程

展开

We have x=(t−1)(t2+1)x=(t-1)(t^2+1). Since t2+1>0t^2+1>0 for real tt, the only real value giving x=0x=0 is t=1t=1.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

分别对 x(t),y(t)x(t),y(t) 求导,然后用链式法则取比值。

答题过程

展开

The derivatives are dxdt=3t2−2t+1\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t}=3t^2-2t+1 and dydt=(t+1)et\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}t}=(t+1)e^t. Hence

dydx=(t+1)et3t2−2t+1.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=\frac{(t+1)e^t}{3t^2-2t+1}.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

由 (a),Maclaurin 展开所需的 x=0x=0 对应 t=1t=1。对 (b) 的商关于 tt 求导后,还要除以 dxdt\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t}。

答题过程

展开

Let D=3t2−2t+1D=3t^2-2t+1. The quotient rule first gives

ddt(dydx)=(t+2)etD−(t+1)et(6t−2)D2.\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t}\bigg(\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\bigg) =\frac{(t+2)e^tD-(t+1)e^t(6t-2)}{D^2}.

Dividing by dx/dt=D\mathrm{d}x/\mathrm{d}t=D gives

d2ydx2=(t+2)etD−(t+1)et(6t−2)D3.\frac{\mathrm{d}^2y}{\mathrm{d}x^2} =\frac{(t+2)e^tD-(t+1)e^t(6t-2)}{D^3}.

At t=1t=1, we have D=2D=2, y=ey=e, dydx=e\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=e and

d2ydx2=6e−8e8=−e4.\frac{\mathrm{d}^2y}{\mathrm{d}x^2}=\frac{6e-8e}{8}=-\frac e4.

Using y=y(0)+xy′(0)+x22y′′(0)+O(x3)y=y(0)+xy'(0)+\frac{x^2}{2}y''(0)+O(x^3), the Maclaurin expansion is

y=e(1+x−x28)+O(x3).y=e\bigg(1+x-\frac{x^2}{8}\bigg)+O(x^3).

解法二

思路

展开

也可令 h=t−1h=t-1,把 xx 和 yy 都在 h=0h=0 附近展开。先反解出 hh 关于 xx 的前两项,再代回 yy。

答题过程

展开

Writing h=t−1h=t-1 gives x=2h+2h2+h3x=2h+2h^2+h^3. Comparing coefficients in h=αx+βx2+O(x3)h=\alpha x+\beta x^2+O(x^3) gives 2α=12\alpha=1 and 2β+2α2=02\beta+2\alpha^2=0. Thus h=x2−x24+O(x3)h=\frac x2-\frac{x^2}{4}+O(x^3). It follows that

y= e(1+h)eh= e(1+2h+32h2)+O(h3)= e(1+x−x22+3x28)+O(x3)= e(1+x−x28)+O(x3).\begin{align*} y=&\,e(1+h)e^h\\[4mm] =&\,e\bigg(1+2h+\frac32h^2\bigg)+O(h^3)\\[4mm] =&\,e\bigg(1+x-\frac{x^2}{2}+\frac{3x^2}{8}\bigg)+O(x^3)\\[4mm] =&\,e\bigg(1+x-\frac{x^2}{8}\bigg)+O(x^3). \end{align*}