(a) Sketch C and state the equation of the asymptote.
[2]
(b) By considering a suitable set of N rectangles of unit width, use your sketch to show that
r=1∑Ntanhr>ln(coshN).
[3]
(c) The arc of C joining the point where x=0 to the point where x=21ln3 is rotated through one complete revolution about the x-axis. The area of the surface generated is denoted by S.
(i) Use the substitution u=1+sech4x to show that
S=π∫452u2−1u2du.
[7]
(ii) Find the exact value of
π∫452u2−1u2du.
You need not simplify your answer.
[3]
题目中文翻译
曲线 C 的方程为 y=tanhx,其中 x≥0。
(a) 绘制 C 的草图,并写出渐近线的方程。
(2)
(b) 考虑一组合适的、宽度为 1 的 N 个矩形,利用你的草图证明
r=1∑Ntanhr>ln(coshN)
(3)
(c) 将 C 上从 x=0 的点到 x=21ln3 的点之间的弧段绕 x 轴旋转一周。所得旋转曲面的面积记为 S。
(i) 使用代换 u=1+sech4x 证明
S=π∫452u2−1u2du
(7)
(ii) 求
π∫452u2−1u2du
的精确值。答案不必化简。
(3)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
The curve starts at (0,0) and increases, since y′=sech2x>0. For x>0, y′′=−2sech2xtanhx<0. Also tanhx→1 as x→∞, so the horizontal asymptote is y=1.
(b)
解法一
思路
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在草图上,从 0 到 N 每隔 1 划一个区间。曲线递增,右端点高度给出的矩形在曲线上方。
答题过程
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On each [r−1,r], the width-one rectangle of height tanhr lies above the curve except at the right endpoint. The total area is
1tanh1+1tanh2+1tanh3+⋯+1tanh(N−1)+1tanhN,
where the terms show the pattern of N rectangles. Thus
r=1∑Ntanhr>∫0Ntanhxdx=[ln(coshx)]0N=ln(coshN).
(c)(i)
解法一
思路
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先写绕 x 轴旋转的曲面面积公式。按题意求 dxdu,用 u2−1=sech4x 整理,并换掉两个积分端点。
答题过程
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The surface area about the x-axis is
S=2π∫aby1+(dxdy)2dx.
Since y=tanhx and y′=sech2x,
S=2π∫0(ln3)/2tanhx1+sech4xdx.
With u=1+sech4x, we have
dxdu=−u2sech4xtanhx,
Since u2−1=sech4x, this gives
2utanhxdx=−u2−1u2du.
At x=0, u=2. At x=21ln3, tanhx=(3−1)/(3+1)=21, so sech2x=1−41=43 and u=1+169=45. Reversing the transformed limits cancels the minus sign, giving