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CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 23 Q2

A Level / CIE / FP2

CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 23 Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

A curve has equation y=xy=\sqrt{x}, for 0≤x≤20\le x\le 2. Find, in terms of π\pi, the area of the surface generated when the curve is rotated through 2π2\pi radians about the xx-axis.

(5)
题目中文翻译

曲线的方程为 y=xy=\sqrt{x},其中 0≤x≤20\le x\le 2。求该曲线绕 xx 轴旋转 2π2\pi 弧度所生成的曲面的面积,用 π\pi 表示。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

解法一

思路

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写出绕 xx 轴旋转的曲面面积公式。y′y' 在 x=0x=0 处无定义,但乘上半径 x\sqrt x 后,被积函数有有限的极限。

答题过程

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For x>0x>0, y′=1/(2x)y'=1/(2\sqrt x). Using S=2π∫y1+(y′)2 dxS=2\pi\int y\sqrt{1+(y')^2}\,\mathrm{d}x, the surface area is

S= 2πlim⁡ε→0+∫ε2x1+14x dx= π∫024x+1 dx= π6[(4x+1)3/2]02= 13π3.\begin{align*} S =&\,2\pi\lim_{\varepsilon\to0^+}\int_\varepsilon^2 \sqrt x\sqrt{1+\frac1{4x}}\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,\pi\int_0^2\sqrt{4x+1}\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,\frac\pi6[(4x+1)^{3/2}]_0^2\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{13\pi}{3}}. \end{align*}

For the integral, u=4x+1u=4x+1 gives dx=du/4\mathrm{d}x=\mathrm{d}u/4, so its antiderivative is πu3/2/6\pi u^{3/2}/6. The limit exists because the simplified integrand is continuous at zero.