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CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 23 Q3

A Level / CIE / FP2

CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 23 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

Let In=∫0a(ln⁡(x+1))n dxI_n=\displaystyle\int_0^a\big(\ln(x+1)\big)^n\,\mathrm{d}x, where nn is a non-negative integer and a>0a>0.

(a) By considering the derivative of (x+1)(ln⁡(x+1))n(x+1)\big(\ln(x+1)\big)^n, or otherwise, show that for n≥1n\ge 1

In=(a+1)(ln⁡(a+1))n−nIn−1.I_n=(a+1)\big(\ln(a+1)\big)^n-nI_{n-1}.
(3)

(b) Find I2I_2 in terms of aa.

(3)
题目中文翻译

设 In=∫0a(ln⁡(x+1))n dxI_n=\displaystyle\int_0^a\big(\ln(x+1)\big)^n\,\mathrm{d}x,其中 nn 是非负整数,且 a>0a>0。

(a) 通过考虑 (x+1)(ln⁡(x+1))n(x+1)\big(\ln(x+1)\big)^n 的导数,或用其他方法,证明当 n≥1n\ge 1 时,

In=(a+1)(ln⁡(a+1))n−nIn−1.I_n=(a+1)\big(\ln(a+1)\big)^n-nI_{n-1}.
(3)

(b) 求 I2I_2,用 aa 表示。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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用乘积法则求题给函数的导数。对数求导产生的 1/(x+1)1/(x+1) 正好消去前面的因子,积分后得到 InI_n 和 In−1I_{n-1}。

答题过程

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The product and chain rules give ln⁡n(x+1)+(x+1)nln⁡n−1(x+1)/(x+1)\ln^n(x+1)+(x+1)n\ln^{n-1}(x+1)/(x+1). Cancelling the factor x+1x+1, we obtain

ddx[(x+1)ln⁡n(x+1)]=ln⁡n(x+1)+nln⁡n−1(x+1).\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\big[(x+1)\ln^n(x+1)\big] =\ln^n(x+1)+n\ln^{n-1}(x+1).

Integrating from 00 to aa gives

[(x+1)ln⁡n(x+1)]0a=In+nIn−1.[(x+1)\ln^n(x+1)]_0^a=I_n+nI_{n-1}.

At x=0x=0, the boundary term is zero because n≥1n\ge1. Rearranging gives In=(a+1)ln⁡n(a+1)−nIn−1I_n=(a+1)\ln^n(a+1)-nI_{n-1}.

解法二

思路

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也可对 InI_n 分部积分,把 dx\mathrm{d}x 积分为 xx。余项中的 x/(x+1)x/(x+1) 拆成 1−1/(x+1)1-1/(x+1)。

答题过程

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For integration by parts take u=ln⁡n(x+1)u=\ln^n(x+1) and dv=dx\mathrm{d}v=\mathrm{d}x. Then du=nln⁡n−1(x+1) dx/(x+1)\mathrm{d}u=n\ln^{n-1}(x+1)\,\mathrm{d}x/(x+1) and v=xv=x. This gives

In= [xln⁡n(x+1)]0a−n∫0axx+1ln⁡n−1(x+1) dx= aln⁡n(a+1)−nIn−1 +n∫0aln⁡n−1(x+1)x+1 dx= aln⁡n(a+1)−nIn−1+[ln⁡n(x+1)]0a= (a+1)ln⁡n(a+1)−nIn−1.\begin{align*} I_n=&\,[x\ln^n(x+1)]_0^a-n\int_0^a \frac{x}{x+1}\ln^{n-1}(x+1)\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,a\ln^n(a+1)-nI_{n-1}\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+n\int_0^a\frac{\ln^{n-1}(x+1)}{x+1}\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,a\ln^n(a+1)-nI_{n-1}+[\ln^n(x+1)]_0^a\\ =&\,(a+1)\ln^n(a+1)-nI_{n-1}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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由 I0=aI_0=a 开始,先取 n=1n=1,再取 n=2n=2。

答题过程

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Let L=ln⁡(a+1)L=\ln(a+1). Since I0=aI_0=a, the recurrence gives I1=(a+1)L−aI_1=(a+1)L-a and

I2= (a+1)L2−2I1= (a+1)L2−2[(a+1)L−a]= (a+1)[ln⁡2(a+1)−2ln⁡(a+1)]+2a.\begin{align*} I_2=&\,(a+1)L^2-2I_1\\ =&\,(a+1)L^2-2\big[(a+1)L-a\big]\\ =&\,\boxed{(a+1)\big[\ln^2(a+1)-2\ln(a+1)\big]+2a}. \end{align*}