题目
Problem
Let In=∫0a(ln(x+1))ndx, where n is a non-negative integer and a>0.
(a) By considering the derivative of (x+1)(ln(x+1))n, or otherwise, show that for n≥1
In=(a+1)(ln(a+1))n−nIn−1.
(3)
(b) Find I2 in terms of a.
(3)
题目中文翻译
设 In=∫0a(ln(x+1))ndx,其中 n 是非负整数,且 a>0。
(a) 通过考虑 (x+1)(ln(x+1))n 的导数,或用其他方法,证明当 n≥1 时,
In=(a+1)(ln(a+1))n−nIn−1.
(3)
(b) 求 I2,用 a 表示。
(3)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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用乘积法则求题给函数的导数。对数求导产生的 1/(x+1) 正好消去前面的因子,积分后得到 In 和 In−1。
答题过程
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The product and chain rules give lnn(x+1)+(x+1)nlnn−1(x+1)/(x+1). Cancelling the factor x+1, we obtain
dxd[(x+1)lnn(x+1)]=lnn(x+1)+nlnn−1(x+1).
Integrating from 0 to a gives
[(x+1)lnn(x+1)]0a=In+nIn−1.
At x=0, the boundary term is zero because n≥1. Rearranging gives In=(a+1)lnn(a+1)−nIn−1.
解法二
思路
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也可对 In 分部积分,把 dx 积分为 x。余项中的 x/(x+1) 拆成 1−1/(x+1)。
答题过程
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For integration by parts take u=lnn(x+1) and dv=dx. Then du=nlnn−1(x+1)dx/(x+1) and v=x. This gives
In====[xlnn(x+1)]0a−n∫0ax+1xlnn−1(x+1)dxalnn(a+1)−nIn−1+n∫0ax+1lnn−1(x+1)dxalnn(a+1)−nIn−1+[lnn(x+1)]0a(a+1)lnn(a+1)−nIn−1.
(b)
解法一
思路
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由 I0=a 开始,先取 n=1,再取 n=2。
答题过程
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Let L=ln(a+1). Since I0=a, the recurrence gives I1=(a+1)L−a and
I2===(a+1)L2−2I1(a+1)L2−2[(a+1)L−a](a+1)[ln2(a+1)−2ln(a+1)]+2a.