Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 24 Q2

A Level / CIE / FP2

CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 24 Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

Let A=(a−151)\mathbf{A}=\begin{pmatrix}a&-1\\5&1\end{pmatrix}, where aa is a constant. It is given that 22 is an eigenvalue of A\mathbf{A}.

(a) Find aa and the other eigenvalue of A\mathbf{A}.

(4)

(b) Find a matrix P\mathbf{P} and a diagonal matrix D\mathbf{D} such that A5=PDP−1\mathbf{A}^5=\mathbf{P}\mathbf{D}\mathbf{P}^{-1}.

(5)
题目中文翻译

设 A=(a−151)\mathbf{A}=\begin{pmatrix}a&-1\\5&1\end{pmatrix},其中 aa 是常数。已知 22 是 A\mathbf{A} 的一个特征值。

(a) 求 aa 及 A\mathbf{A} 的另一个特征值。

(4)

(b) 求矩阵 P\mathbf{P} 和对角矩阵 D\mathbf{D},使得 A5=PDP−1\mathbf{A}^5=\mathbf{P}\mathbf{D}\mathbf{P}^{-1}。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

把已知特征值 22 代入特征方程求 aa,再因式分解得到另一个特征值。

答题过程

展开

The characteristic polynomial is (a−λ)(1−λ)+5(a-\lambda)(1-\lambda)+5. At λ=2\lambda=2, this gives −(a−2)+5=0-(a-2)+5=0, hence a=7a=7. The polynomial is now λ2−8λ+12=(λ−2)(λ−6)\lambda^2-8\lambda+12=(\lambda-2)(\lambda-6), so the other eigenvalue is 6\boxed{6}.

解法二

思路

展开

也可由特征向量方程求参数。已知特征值为 22 时,先用第二行确定两个坐标的关系,再代回第一行。

答题过程

展开

For an eigenvector (u,v)T(u,v)^{\mathsf T} with eigenvalue 22, the second row gives v=5uv=5u. Here u≠0u\ne0 because the vector is non-zero. The first row gives au−v=2uau-v=2u, so a=7a=7.

For a general eigenvalue λ\lambda, the equations now give (7−λ)u=v(7-\lambda)u=v and 5u=(λ−1)v5u=(\lambda-1)v. Again u≠0u\ne0, so (7−λ)(λ−1)=5(7-\lambda)(\lambda-1)=5, which yields λ=2\lambda=2 or 66.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

找出两个特征向量作为 P\mathbf P 的列。A\mathbf A 连续作用五次时,特征值变成原值的五次幂。

答题过程

展开

The eigenvectors satisfy v=5uv=5u for λ=2\lambda=2 and v=uv=u for λ=6\lambda=6. We can take (1,5)T(1,5)^{\mathsf T} and (1,1)T(1,1)^{\mathsf T}. Since det⁡P=1−5=−4≠0\det\mathbf P=1-5=-4\ne0, these form a basis, and the respective eigenvalues of A5\mathbf A^5 are 252^5 and 656^5. Thus

P= (1151),D= (32007776).\begin{align*} \mathbf P=&\,\begin{pmatrix}1&1\\5&1\end{pmatrix},\\ \mathbf D=&\,\begin{pmatrix}32&0\\0&7776\end{pmatrix}. \end{align*}

give A5=PDP−1\mathbf A^5=\mathbf P\mathbf D\mathbf P^{-1}.