题目
Problem
Let In=∫−21π21πexcosnxdx, where n is a non-negative integer.
(a) Show that, for n≥2,
In=n(n−1)∫−21π21πexcosn−2xsin2xdx−nIn.
and deduce the reduction formula
(n2+1)In=n(n−1)In−2.
(6)
(b) Find the exact value of I4.
(4)
题目中文翻译
设 In=∫−21π21πexcosnxdx,其中 n 是非负整数。
(a) 证明当 n≥2 时,
In=n(n−1)∫−21π21πexcosn−2xsin2xdx−nIn.
并推导出递推公式
(n2+1)In=n(n−1)In−2.
(6)
(b) 求 I4 的精确值。
(4)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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两次都对 ex 积分,并对三角因子求导。因为 n≥2,两个边界项都含正次幂的 cosx,所以在端点消失。
答题过程
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Let a=−π/2 and b=π/2. First take u=cosnx, dv=exdx, so u′=−ncosn−1xsinx and v=ex. In the resulting integral take u=cosn−1xsinx and dv=exdx. Then
u′=−(n−1)cosn−2xsin2x+cosnx.
These two integrations by parts give
In===[excosnx]ab+n∫abexcosn−1xsinxdxn[excosn−1xsinx]ab+n(n−1)∫abexcosn−2xsin2xdx−nInn(n−1)∫abexcosn−2xsin2xdx−nIn.
The boundary terms vanish because n≥2 and cosa=cosb=0. Since sin2x=1−cos2x, the last integral is In−2−In. Therefore
In=(1+n(n−1)+n)In=(n2+1)In=n(n−1)(In−2−In)−nIn,n(n−1)In−2,n(n−1)In−2.
(b)
解法一
思路
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从 I0 开始,依次令 n=2,4,把两个递推系数相乘。
答题过程
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We have I0=[ex]−π/2π/2=eπ/2−e−π/2. The recurrence gives 5I2=2I0 and 17I4=12I2. Hence
I4=8524(eπ/2−e−π/2).