题目
Problem
Find the Maclaurin’s series for ln(1+ex) up to and including the term in x2.
(5)
题目中文翻译
求 ln(1+ex) 的麦克劳林级数,展开至并包括 x2 项。
(5)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
解法一
思路
展开
先求对数的导数,再用商法则求第二阶导数。代入 x=0 得出展开系数。
答题过程
展开
For f(x)=ln(1+ex),
f′(x)=f′′(x)==1+exex,(1+ex)2ex(1+ex)−e2x(1+ex)2ex.
Thus f(0)=ln2, f′(0)=1/2 and f′′(0)=1/4. Using f(x)=f(0)+f′(0)x+21f′′(0)x2+O(x3) gives
ln(1+ex)=ln2+2x+8x2+O(x3).
解法二
思路
展开
也可先展开 ex,提出 1+ex 的常数因子 2,再用 ln(1+u) 的展开。
答题过程
展开
Using the standard expansion ex=1+x+x2/2+O(x3) gives 1+ex=2(1+2x+4x2+O(x3)). Put u=2x+4x2+O(x3). The standard expansion is ln(1+u)=u−u2/2+O(u3) and u2=x2/4+O(x3). Hence
ln(1+ex)===ln2+u−2u2+O(u3)ln2+2x+4x2−8x2+O(x3)ln2+2x+8x2+O(x3).