(a) It is given that λ is an eigenvalue of the non-singular square matrix A, with corresponding eigenvector e.
Show that λ−1 is an eigenvalue of A−1 for which e is a corresponding eigenvector.
(2)
The matrix A is given by
A=21530−40332.
(b) Given that −1 is an eigenvalue of A, find a corresponding eigenvector.
(2)
(c) It is also given that 010 and 121 are eigenvectors of A. Find the corresponding eigenvalues.
(2)
(d) Hence find a matrix P and a diagonal matrix D such that A−1=PDP−1.
(2)
(e) Use the characteristic equation of A to show that A−1=pA2+qI, where p and q are rational numbers to be determined.
(4)
题目中文翻译
(a) 已知 λ 是非奇异方阵 A 的一个特征值,对应的特征向量为 e。
证明 λ−1 是 A−1 的一个特征值,且 e 是其对应的特征向量。
(2)
矩阵 A 为
A=21530−40332.
(b) 已知 −1 是 A 的一个特征值,求一个对应的特征向量。
(2)
(c) 另已知 010 和 121 是 A 的特征向量。求对应的特征值。
(2)
(d) 由此求矩阵 P 和对角矩阵 D,使得 A−1=PDP−1。
(2)
(e) 利用 A 的特征方程证明 A−1=pA2+qI,其中 p 和 q 是待求的有理数。
(4)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
From Ae=λe, multiplying by A−1 gives e=λA−1e. Since A is non-singular, λ=0. Therefore A−1e=λ−1e, as required.
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
把 λ=−1 代入特征向量方程。先用第一行消去第三个坐标,再用第二行求中间坐标。
答题过程
展开
The first row of (A+I)v=0 gives v3=−v1, and the second gives 15v1−3v2+3v3=0. Substituting v3=−v1 gives 12v1−3v2=0, hence v2=4v1. The third is consistent with the first, so an eigenvector is (1,4,−1)T.