Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

CIE 9231 2022 November Paper 22 Q8

A Level / CIE / FP2

CIE 9231 2022 Nov Paper 22 Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

It is given that y=cosh⁡uy=\cosh u, where u>0u\gt0, and

 cosh⁡2u−1(d2udx2+dudx)+cosh⁡u(dudx)2 −2cosh⁡u=4e−x.\begin{align*} &\,\sqrt{\cosh^2u-1}\bigg(\frac{\mathrm{d}^2u}{\mathrm{d}x^2}+\frac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}x}\bigg)+\cosh u\bigg(\frac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}x}\bigg)^2\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-2\cosh u=4\mathrm{e}^{-x}. \end{align*}

(a) Show that

d2ydx2+dydx−2y=4e−x.\frac{\mathrm{d}^2y}{\mathrm{d}x^2}+\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}-2y=4\mathrm{e}^{-x}.
(4)

(b) Find uu in terms of xx, given that, when x=0x=0, u=ln⁡3u=\ln3 and dudx=3\dfrac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}x}=3.

(10)
题目中文翻译

已知 y=cosh⁡uy=\cosh u,其中 u>0u\gt0,且

 cosh⁡2u−1(d2udx2+dudx)+cosh⁡u(dudx)2 −2cosh⁡u=4e−x.\begin{align*} &\,\sqrt{\cosh^2u-1}\bigg(\frac{\mathrm{d}^2u}{\mathrm{d}x^2}+\frac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}x}\bigg)+\cosh u\bigg(\frac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}x}\bigg)^2\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-2\cosh u=4\mathrm{e}^{-x}. \end{align*}

(a) 证明

d2ydx2+dydx−2y=4e−x.\frac{\mathrm{d}^2y}{\mathrm{d}x^2}+\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}-2y=4\mathrm{e}^{-x}.
(4)

(b) 求 uu 关于 xx 的表达式,已知当 x=0x=0 时,u=ln⁡3u=\ln3 且 dudx=3\dfrac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}x}=3。

(10)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

对 y=cosh⁡uy=\cosh u 使用两次链式法则。因为 u>0u>0,题给的根式等于正的 sinh⁡u\sinh u。

答题过程

展开

Since u>0u>0, cosh⁡2u−1=sinh⁡u\sqrt{\cosh^2u-1}=\sinh u. Differentiation gives

y′= sinh⁡u u′,y′′= sinh⁡u u′′+cosh⁡u (u′)2.\begin{align*} y'=&\,\sinh u\,u',\\ y''=&\,\sinh u\,u''+\cosh u\,(u')^2. \end{align*}

Thus y′′+y′−2yy''+y'-2y is precisely sinh⁡u (u′′+u′)+cosh⁡u (u′)2−2cosh⁡u\sinh u\,(u''+u')+\cosh u\,(u')^2-2\cosh u, which equals 4e−x4e^{-x} by the given equation.

解法二

思路

展开

也可把 u′u' 和 u′′u'' 先用 yy 的导数表示。代回原式后,两个含 (y′)2(y')^2 的项会抵消。

答题过程

展开

Let s=sinh⁡u>0s=\sinh u>0. Since y′=su′y'=su',

u′=y′s,u′′=y′′s−y(y′)2s3.u'=\frac{y'}s,\qquad u''=\frac{y''}s-\frac{y(y')^2}{s^3}.

Substituting into the original left-hand side gives

 s(u′′+u′)+y(u′)2−2y= y′′−y(y′)2s2+y′+y(y′)2s2−2y= y′′+y′−2y.\begin{align*} &\,s(u''+u')+y(u')^2-2y\\ =&\,y''-\frac{y(y')^2}{s^2}+y'+\frac{y(y')^2}{s^2}-2y\\ =&\,y''+y'-2y. \end{align*}

Hence y′′+y′−2y=4e−xy''+y'-2y=4e^{-x}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先解 (a) 的线性方程,再把给定的 u,u′u,u' 换成 y,y′y,y' 的初值。最后因 u>0u>0 取反双曲余弦的正分支。

答题过程

展开

The auxiliary equation (m−1)(m+2)=0(m-1)(m+2)=0 gives the complementary function Aex+Be−2xAe^x+Be^{-2x}. For the particular integral, take yp=ke−xy_{\mathrm p}=ke^{-x}, so yp′=−ke−xy_{\mathrm p}'=-ke^{-x} and yp′′=ke−xy_{\mathrm p}''=ke^{-x}. Substitution gives (k−k−2k)e−x=4e−x(k-k-2k)e^{-x}=4e^{-x}, hence k=−2k=-2. Thus

y=Aex+Be−2x−2e−x.y=Ae^x+Be^{-2x}-2e^{-x}.

Differentiation gives y′=Aex−2Be−2x+2e−xy'=Ae^x-2Be^{-2x}+2e^{-x}. Since cosh⁡(ln⁡3)=(3+1/3)/2=5/3\cosh(\ln3)=(3+1/3)/2=5/3 and sinh⁡(ln⁡3)=(3−1/3)/2=4/3\sinh(\ln3)=(3-1/3)/2=4/3, at x=0x=0, u=ln⁡3u=\ln3 gives y(0)=cosh⁡(ln⁡3)=5/3y(0)=\cosh(\ln3)=5/3, while y′(0)=3sinh⁡(ln⁡3)=4y'(0)=3\sinh(\ln3)=4. Therefore

A+B−2=53,A−2B+2=4.A+B-2=\frac53,\qquad A-2B+2=4.

These equations are A+B=11/3A+B=11/3 and A−2B=2A-2B=2. Subtracting gives 3B=5/33B=5/3, so B=5/9B=5/9 and A=28/9A=28/9. On the interval containing 00 where y>1y>1, the required u>0u>0 is

u=arcosh⁡(289ex+59e−2x−2e−x).\boxed{u=\operatorname{arcosh}\bigg(\frac{28}{9}e^x+\frac59e^{-2x}-2e^{-x}\bigg)}.