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CIE 9231 2023 November Paper 22 Q7

A Level / CIE / FP2

CIE 9231 2023 Nov Paper 22 Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

(a) Starting from the definitions of cosh and sinh in terms of exponentials, prove that

2sinh⁡2A=cosh⁡2A−1.2\sinh^2A=\cosh 2A-1.
[3]

(b) A curve has equation y=x2y=x^2, for 0≤x≤230\le x\le\frac{2}{3}. The area of the surface generated when the curve is rotated through 2π2\pi radians about the xx-axis is denoted by SS.

Use the substitution x=12sinh⁡ux=\frac{1}{2}\sinh u to show that

S=132π(82081−ln⁡3).S=\frac{1}{32}\pi\left(\frac{820}{81}-\ln 3\right).
[9]
题目中文翻译

(a) 从用指数表示的 cosh⁡\cosh 和 sinh⁡\sinh 的定义出发,证明

2sinh⁡2A=cosh⁡2A−12\sinh^2A=\cosh 2A-1
(3)

(b) 一条曲线的方程为 y=x2y=x^2,其中 0≤x≤230\le x\le\frac{2}{3}。将该曲线绕 xx 轴旋转 2π2\pi 弧度后生成的曲面面积记为 SS。

使用代换 x=12sinh⁡ux=\frac{1}{2}\sinh u 证明

S=132π(82081−ln⁡3)S=\frac{1}{32}\pi\left(\frac{820}{81}-\ln 3\right)
(9)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

先把 sinh⁡A\sinh A 写成指数差。平方展开后认出 cosh⁡2A\cosh2A 的指数形式。

答题过程

展开

The exponential definitions give sinh⁡A=(eA−e−A)/2\sinh A=(e^A-e^{-A})/2 and cosh⁡2A=(e2A+e−2A)/2\cosh2A=(e^{2A}+e^{-2A})/2. Hence

2sinh⁡2A= 12(eA−e−A)2= 12(e2A+e−2A)−1= cosh⁡2A−1.\begin{align*} 2\sinh^2A=&\,\frac12(e^A-e^{-A})^2\\ =&\,\frac12(e^{2A}+e^{-2A})-1\\ =&\,\cosh2A-1. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

写出曲面面积公式,再令 x=12sinh⁡ux=\frac12\sinh u。利用倍角公式将 sinh⁡2ucosh⁡2u\sinh^2u\cosh^2u 化成 cosh⁡4u\cosh4u 的一次式。

答题过程

展开

Using S=2π∫y1+(y′)2 dxS=2\pi\int y\sqrt{1+(y')^2}\,\mathrm{d}x with y=x2y=x^2 and y′=2xy'=2x, the surface area is

S=2π∫02/3x21+4x2 dx.S=2\pi\int_0^{2/3}x^2\sqrt{1+4x^2}\,\mathrm{d}x.

Let x=12sinh⁡ux=\frac12\sinh u. Then dx=12cosh⁡u du\mathrm{d}x=\frac12\cosh u\,\mathrm{d}u and 1+4x2=cosh⁡u\sqrt{1+4x^2}=\cosh u. The endpoints become 00 and

arsinh⁡(4/3)=ln⁡(43+1+169)=ln⁡3.\operatorname{arsinh}(4/3)=\ln\bigg(\frac43+\sqrt{1+\frac{16}{9}}\bigg)=\ln3.

Also sinh⁡2ucosh⁡2u=14sinh⁡22u\sinh^2u\cosh^2u=\frac14\sinh^22u, and part (a) gives sinh⁡22u=12(cosh⁡4u−1)\sinh^22u=\frac12(\cosh4u-1). Thus

S= π4∫0ln⁡3sinh⁡2ucosh⁡2u du= π16∫0ln⁡3sinh⁡2(2u) du= π32∫0ln⁡3(cosh⁡4u−1) du= π32[14sinh⁡4u−u]0ln⁡3.\begin{align*} S=&\,\frac\pi4\int_0^{\ln3}\sinh^2u\cosh^2u\,\mathrm{d}u\\ =&\,\frac\pi{16}\int_0^{\ln3}\sinh^2(2u)\,\mathrm{d}u\\ =&\,\frac\pi{32}\int_0^{\ln3}(\cosh4u-1)\,\mathrm{d}u\\ =&\,\frac\pi{32}\bigg[\frac14\sinh4u-u\bigg]_0^{\ln3}. \end{align*}

Since 14sinh⁡(4ln⁡3)=18(81−1/81)=82081\frac14\sinh(4\ln3)=\frac18(81-1/81)=\frac{820}{81},

S=π32(82081−ln⁡3).S=\frac\pi{32}\bigg(\frac{820}{81}-\ln3\bigg).