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CIE 9231 2023 November Paper 23 Q1

A Level / CIE / FP2

CIE 9231 2023 Nov Paper 23 Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

Show that the system of equations

14x−4y+6z= 5,x+y+kz= 3,−21x+6y−9z= 14,\begin{align*} 14x-4y+6z=&\,5,\\ x+y+kz=&\,3,\\ -21x+6y-9z=&\,14, \end{align*}

where kk is a constant, does not have a unique solution and interpret this situation geometrically.

[4]
题目中文翻译

证明方程组

14x−4y+6z= 5,x+y+kz= 3,−21x+6y−9z= 14,\begin{align*} 14x-4y+6z=&\,5,\\ x+y+kz=&\,3,\\ -21x+6y-9z=&\,14, \end{align*}

其中 kk 为常数,没有唯一解,并从几何上解释这一情况。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

解法一

思路

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先比较第一式和第三式的系数。左边成比例,但右边不成同样的比例,因此方程组无解。第二个平面的法向量与前两个不平行。

答题过程

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The left-hand side of the third equation is −32-\frac32 times that of the first, but 14≠−32⋅514\ne-\frac32\cdot5. Adding 32\frac32 times the first equation to the third gives

0=14+32⋅5=432,0=14+\frac32\cdot5=\frac{43}{2},

which is impossible. Therefore the equations are inconsistent for every kk, so they do not have a unique solution.

The first and third equations represent distinct parallel planes. The second has normal (1,1,k)(1,1,k), which is not proportional to (14,−4,6)(14,-4,6) for any kk. It intersects each of the parallel planes in a line, and there is no common point of all three.