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CIE 9231 2023 November Paper 23 Q2

A Level / CIE / FP2

CIE 9231 2023 Nov Paper 23 Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

Find the roots of the equation

(z+5i)3=4+43 i(z+5\mathrm{i})^3=4+4\sqrt{3}\,\mathrm{i}

giving your answers in the form rcos⁡θ+i(rsin⁡θ−5)r\cos\theta+\mathrm{i}(r\sin\theta-5), where r>0r>0 and 0<θ<2π0<\theta<2\pi.

[5]
题目中文翻译

求方程

(z+5i)3=4+43 i(z+5\mathrm{i})^3=4+4\sqrt{3}\,\mathrm{i}

的根,并将答案写成 rcos⁡θ+i(rsin⁡θ−5)r\cos\theta+\mathrm{i}(r\sin\theta-5) 的形式,其中 r>0r>0 且 0<θ<2π0<\theta<2\pi。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

解法一

思路

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把 z+5iz+5\mathrm{i} 当成一个整体。先求其三次方的模和辐角,再求三次根,最后减去 5i5\mathrm{i}。

答题过程

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The number 4+43 i4+4\sqrt3\,\mathrm{i} has modulus 88 and argument π/3\pi/3. Therefore z+5iz+5\mathrm{i} has modulus 22 and arguments π9+2kπ3\frac\pi9+\frac{2k\pi}{3}, for integer kk. In the specified range the roots are

z1= 2cos⁡π9+i(2sin⁡π9−5),z2= 2cos⁡7π9+i(2sin⁡7π9−5),z3= 2cos⁡13π9+i(2sin⁡13π9−5).\begin{align*} z_1=&\,2\cos\frac\pi9+\mathrm{i}\bigg(2\sin\frac\pi9-5\bigg),\\ z_2=&\,2\cos\frac{7\pi}{9}+\mathrm{i}\bigg(2\sin\frac{7\pi}{9}-5\bigg),\\ z_3=&\,2\cos\frac{13\pi}{9}+\mathrm{i}\bigg(2\sin\frac{13\pi}{9}-5\bigg). \end{align*}