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CIE 9231 2024 November Paper 23 Q3

A Level / CIE / FP2

CIE 9231 2024 Nov Paper 23 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

A curve has equation y=exy=e^x for ln⁡43≤x≤ln⁡125\ln\frac{4}{3}\le x\le\ln\frac{12}{5}. The area of the surface generated when the curve is rotated through 2π2\pi radians about the xx-axis is denoted by AA.

(a) Use the substitution u=exu=e^x to show that

A=2π∫431251+u2 du.A=2\pi\int_{\frac{4}{3}}^{\frac{12}{5}}\sqrt{1+u^2}\,\mathrm{d}u.
[2]

(b) Use the substitution u=sinh⁡vu=\sinh v to show that

A=π(904225+ln⁡53).A=\pi\left(\frac{904}{225}+\ln\frac{5}{3}\right).
[6]
题目中文翻译

曲线方程为 y=exy=e^x,其中 ln⁡43≤x≤ln⁡125\ln\frac{4}{3}\le x\le\ln\frac{12}{5}。将该曲线绕 xx 轴旋转 2π2\pi 弧度所生成的曲面面积记为 AA。

(a) 使用代换 u=exu=e^x 证明

A=2π∫431251+u2 duA=2\pi\int_{\frac{4}{3}}^{\frac{12}{5}}\sqrt{1+u^2}\,\mathrm{d}u
(2)

(b) 使用代换 u=sinh⁡vu=\sinh v 证明

A=π(904225+ln⁡53)A=\pi\left(\frac{904}{225}+\ln\frac{5}{3}\right)
(6)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先写绕 xx 轴旋转的曲面面积公式。由于 y=y′=exy=y'=e^x,令 u=exu=e^x 后,y dxy\,\mathrm{d}x 正好变成 du\mathrm{d}u。

答题过程

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The formula for surface area about the xx-axis is

A=2π∫aby1+(dydx)2 dx.A=2\pi\int_a^b y\sqrt{1+\bigg(\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\bigg)^2}\,\mathrm{d}x.

Since y=y′=exy=y'=e^x, the surface area is

A=2π∫ln⁡(4/3)ln⁡(12/5)ex1+e2x dx.A=2\pi\int_{\ln(4/3)}^{\ln(12/5)} e^x\sqrt{1+e^{2x}}\,\mathrm{d}x.

With u=exu=e^x, we have du=ex dx\mathrm{d}u=e^x\,\mathrm{d}x. The endpoints become 4/34/3 and 12/512/5, so

A=2π∫4/312/51+u2 du.A=2\pi\int_{4/3}^{12/5}\sqrt{1+u^2}\,\mathrm{d}u.

(b)

解法一

思路

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用 u=sinh⁡vu=\sinh v 把根式和微分都换成 cosh⁡v\cosh v,再用倍角公式积分。上下限可用反双曲正弦的对数式求出。

答题过程

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With u=sinh⁡vu=\sinh v, the root is cosh⁡v\cosh v and du=cosh⁡v dv\mathrm{d}u=\cosh v\,\mathrm{d}v. Since v=ln⁡(u+1+u2)v=\ln(u+\sqrt{1+u^2}), the limits become ln⁡(4/3+5/3)=ln⁡3\ln(4/3+5/3)=\ln3 and ln⁡(12/5+13/5)=ln⁡5\ln(12/5+13/5)=\ln5. Thus

A= 2π∫ln⁡3ln⁡5cosh⁡2v dv= π∫ln⁡3ln⁡5(cosh⁡2v+1) dv= π[12sinh⁡2v+v]ln⁡3ln⁡5= π(125135−4353+ln⁡5−ln⁡3)= π(904225+ln⁡53).\begin{align*} A=&\,2\pi\int_{\ln3}^{\ln5}\cosh^2v\,\mathrm{d}v\\[4mm] =&\,\pi\int_{\ln3}^{\ln5}(\cosh2v+1)\,\mathrm{d}v\\[4mm] =&\,\pi\big[\tfrac12\sinh2v+v\big]_{\ln3}^{\ln5}\\[4mm] =&\,\pi\bigg(\frac{12}{5}\frac{13}{5}-\frac43\frac53+\ln5-\ln3\bigg)\\[4mm] =&\,\pi\bigg(\frac{904}{225}+\ln\frac53\bigg). \end{align*}