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CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 43 Q1

A Level / CIE / FS

CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 43 Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

The continuous random variable XX has probability density function ff given by

f(x)={16(x−13−x−23),1≤x≤27,0,otherwise.f(x) = \begin{cases} \dfrac{1}{6}\big(x^{-\frac{1}{3}} - x^{-\frac{2}{3}}\big), & 1 \leq x \leq 27, \\ 0, & \text{otherwise.} \end{cases}

(a) Find the cumulative distribution function of XX.

[3]

The random variable YY is defined by Y=X13Y = X^{\frac{1}{3}}.

(b) Find the probability density function of YY.

[3]

(c) Find the exact value of the median of YY.

[2]
题目中文翻译

连续随机变量 XX 的概率密度函数 ff 为

f(x)={16(x−13−x−23),1≤x≤27,0,otherwise.f(x) = \begin{cases} \dfrac{1}{6}\big(x^{-\frac{1}{3}} - x^{-\frac{2}{3}}\big), & 1 \leq x \leq 27, \\ 0, & \text{otherwise.} \end{cases}

(a) 求 XX 的累积分布函数。

(3)

随机变量 YY 定义为 Y=X13Y = X^{\frac{1}{3}}。

(b) 求 YY 的概率密度函数。

(3)

(c) 求 YY 的中位数的精确值。

(2)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

只在支撑区间内从左端积分。整理结果时留意 x2/3x^{2/3} 是 x1/3x^{1/3} 的平方。

答题过程

展开

For 1≤x≤271\le x\le27,

 FX(x)= 16∫1x(u−1/3−u−2/3) du= [14u2/3−12u1/3]1x= (x1/3−1)24.\begin{align*} &\,F_X(x)\\ =&\,\frac16\int_1^x(u^{-1/3}-u^{-2/3})\,\mathrm{d}u\\ =&\,\Big[\frac14u^{2/3}-\frac12u^{1/3}\Big]_1^x\\ =&\,\frac{(x^{1/3}-1)^2}{4}. \end{align*}

The CDF is 00 for x<1x<1, the displayed expression for 1≤x≤271\le x\le27, and 11 for x>27x>27.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

将 Y≤yY\le y 改写成 X≤y3X\le y^3。用 (a) 得到新累积分布后,在支撑区间内求导。

答题过程

展开

The support of YY is [1,3][1,3]. On this interval, FY(y)=FX(y3)=(y−1)2/4F_Y(y)=F_X(y^3)=(y-1)^2/4. It is constant below and above that interval. Therefore

fY(y)={(y−1)/2,1≤y≤3,0,otherwise.f_Y(y)= \begin{cases} (y-1)/2, & 1\le y\le3,\\ 0, & \text{otherwise}. \end{cases}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

令新变量的累计概率为 1/21/2。从两个代数根中选取支撑区间内的一个。

答题过程

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The median mm satisfies (m−1)2/4=1/2(m-1)^2/4=1/2. Since 1≤m≤31\le m\le3, we obtain the exact value m=1+2m=1+\sqrt2.