题目
A doctor is investigating the concentration of blood glucose in patients at risk of developing type 2 diabetes, where blood glucose is measured in appropriate units. The doctor claims that a particular intervention reduces the concentration by more than units on average. A group of 8 at risk patients is selected at random and each patient follows the intervention for six months. The blood glucose concentrations before and after the intervention are given in the following table.
| Patient | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | 183 | 165 | 172 | 165 | 143 | 176 | 161 | 153 |
| After | 164 | 148 | 164 | 149 | 134 | 153 | 155 | 148 |
(a) Use a t-test at the 5% significance level to find the range of values of for which the result of the test is to reject the null hypothesis.
(b) State an assumption necessary for the test in part (a) to be valid.
题目中文翻译
一位医生正在研究有发展为 2 型糖尿病风险的患者的血糖浓度,其中血糖用适当的单位测量。医生声称,某种特定干预平均会使血糖浓度降低超过 个单位。随机选取一组 8 名有风险的患者,每名患者进行该干预六个月。干预前后的血糖浓度如下表所示。
| 患者 | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干预前 | 183 | 165 | 172 | 165 | 143 | 176 | 161 | 153 |
| 干预后 | 164 | 148 | 164 | 149 | 134 | 153 | 155 | 148 |
(a) 在 5% 显著性水平下使用 t 检验,求使检验结果为拒绝原假设的 的取值范围。
(b) 说明 part (a) 中检验有效所需的一个假设。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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用每位患者干预前减干预后的差值。统计量随 增大而减小,因此用右尾临界值反求 的上界。
答题过程
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Let be the population mean reduction. Test against . The reductions are , so
The test statistic is . With degrees of freedom, the upper critical value is . Using rejection at or above the critical value, we require
The upper boundary is about units. If is restricted to represent a nonnegative reduction, its lower bound is .
(b)
解法一
思路
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配对 检验对减少量作分布假设,减少量是同一患者的前后差。
答题过程
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The population distribution of the paired reductions in blood glucose is assumed to be normal.