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CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 43 Q3

A Level / CIE / FS

CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 43 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

The discrete random variable XX has probability generating function GX(t)\mathrm{G}_X(t) given by

GX(t)=0.1+0.3t+0.4t2+0.2t3.\mathrm{G}_X(t)=0.1+0.3t+0.4t^2+0.2t^3.

(a) Use GX(t)\mathrm{G}_X(t) to find E(X)\mathrm{E}(X) and Var⁡(X)\operatorname{Var}(X).

(5)

(b) The random variable YY is defined by Y=3X+2Y=3X+2.

Find the probability generating function of YY.

(2)
题目中文翻译

离散随机变量 XX 的概率生成函数 GX(t)\mathrm{G}_X(t) 为

GX(t)=0.1+0.3t+0.4t2+0.2t3.\mathrm{G}_X(t)=0.1+0.3t+0.4t^2+0.2t^3.

(a) 利用 GX(t)\mathrm{G}_X(t) 求 E(X)\mathrm{E}(X) 和 Var⁡(X)\operatorname{Var}(X)。

(5)

(b) 随机变量 YY 定义为 Y=3X+2Y=3X+2。

求 YY 的概率生成函数。

(2)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

对生成函数求两阶导数。代入 t=1t=1 分别得到均值与二阶阶乘矩。

答题过程

展开

We have

 GX′(t)=0.3+0.8t+0.6t2, GX′′(t)=0.8+1.2t.\begin{align*} &\,G_X'(t)=0.3+0.8t+0.6t^2,\\ &\,G_X''(t)=0.8+1.2t. \end{align*}

Thus GX′(1)=1.7G_X'(1)=1.7 and GX′′(1)=2G_X''(1)=2. Hence E⁡[X]=1.7\operatorname E[X]=1.7 and

Var⁡(X)= GX′′(1)+GX′(1)−(GX′(1))2= 2+1.7−1.72=0.81.\begin{align*} \operatorname{Var}(X)=&\,G_X''(1)+G_X'(1)-\big(G_X'(1)\big)^2\\ =&\,2+1.7-1.7^2=0.81. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

原生成函数的每个幂次 xx 变成 3x+23x+2。先将幂次乘以 33,再统一加 22。

答题过程

展开

Since t3X+2=t2(t3)Xt^{3X+2}=t^2(t^3)^X,

GY(t)=t2GX(t3)=0.1t2+0.3t5+0.4t8+0.2t11.G_Y(t)=t^2G_X(t^3)=0.1t^2+0.3t^5+0.4t^8+0.2t^{11}.