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CIE 9231 2024 Nov Paper 43 Q5

A Level / CIE / FS

CIE 9231 2024 Nov Paper 43 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

Nikita has three coins. One coin is fair, one coin is biased so that the probability of obtaining a head is 13\frac{1}{3} and the third coin is biased so that the probability of obtaining a head is 15\frac{1}{5}. The random variable XX is the number of heads that Nikita obtains when he throws all three coins at the same time.

(a) Find the probability generating function of XX.

[3]

Rajesh has two fair six-sided dice with faces labelled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The random variable YY is the number of 4s that Rajesh obtains when he throws the two dice.

The random variable ZZ is the sum of the number of heads obtained by Nikita and the number of 4s obtained by Rajesh.

(b) Find the probability generating function of ZZ, expressing your answer as a polynomial.

[4]

(c) Use your answer to part (b) to find E(Z)\mathrm{E}(Z).

[2]
题目中文翻译

Nikita 有三枚硬币。一枚硬币是公平的,一枚硬币有偏,使得得到正面的概率为 13\frac{1}{3},第三枚硬币有偏,使得得到正面的概率为 15\frac{1}{5}。随机变量 XX 是 Nikita 同时抛掷这三枚硬币时得到的正面数量。

(a) 求 XX 的概率生成函数。

(3)

Rajesh 有两个公平的六面骰子,面上标有 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6。随机变量 YY 是 Rajesh 抛掷两个骰子时得到 4 的数量。

随机变量 ZZ 是 Nikita 得到的正面数量与 Rajesh 得到的 4 的数量之和。

(b) 求 ZZ 的概率生成函数,并将答案表示为多项式。

(4)

(c) 使用你在(b)中的答案求 E(Z)\mathrm{E}(Z)。

(2)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

每枚硬币对应一个取值为 00 或 11 的变量。独立抛掷时,将三个一次生成函数相乘。

答题过程

展开

For a coin with head probability pp, the head indicator has generating function (1−p)+pt(1-p)+pt. Thus

 GX(t)=1+t22+t34+t5= 8+14t+7t2+t330.\begin{align*} &\,G_X(t)=\frac{1+t}{2}\frac{2+t}{3}\frac{4+t}{5}\\ =&\,\frac{8+14t+7t^2+t^3}{30}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

每颗骰子只记录是否掷出 44。把两颗骰子的生成函数与 (a) 相乘,再展开为多项式。

答题过程

展开

The two dice give GY(t)=((5+t)/6)2G_Y(t)=((5+t)/6)^2. By independence of the coin and dice results,

 GZ(t)= (8+14t+7t2+t3)(25+10t+t2)1080= 200+430t+323t2+109t3+17t4+t51080.\begin{align*} &\,G_Z(t)\\ =&\,\frac{(8+14t+7t^2+t^3)(25+10t+t^2)}{1080}\\ =&\,\frac{200+430t+323t^2+109t^3+17t^4+t^5}{1080}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

按题意对 (b) 的多项式求导,再代入 t=1t=1。

答题过程

展开

The mean is

 GZ′(1)=430+2(323)+3(109)+4(17)+51080= 14761080=4130.\begin{align*} &\,G_Z'(1)=\frac{430+2(323)+3(109)+4(17)+5}{1080}\\ =&\,\frac{1476}{1080}=\frac{41}{30}. \end{align*}