A continuous random variable X has probability density function f given by
f(x)=⎩⎨⎧161x,kx1,0,0≤x<4,4≤x≤9,otherwise,
where k is a constant.
(a) Show that k=3.
[2]
(b) Find the median value of X.
[3]
The random variable Y is defined by Y=X.
(c) Find the probability density function of Y.
[5]
题目中文翻译
连续随机变量 X 的概率密度函数 f 为
f(x)=⎩⎨⎧161x,kx1,0,0≤x<4,4≤x≤9,otherwise,
其中 k 为常数。
(a) 证明 k=3。
(2)
(b) 求 X 的中位数。
(3)
随机变量 Y 定义为 Y=X。
(c) 求 Y 的概率密度函数。
(5)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
Since FX(4)=1/3, the median m lies in (4,9). It satisfies
=31+∫4m3x1dx31+32(m−2)=21.
Thus m=9/4 and the median is m=81/16.
(c)
解法一
思路
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先求 X 的累积分布函数,再用 FY(y)=FX(y2) 换元。对每段求导得到新密度。
答题过程
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On 0≤x<4, FX(x)=x3/2/24. On 4≤x≤9,
FX(x)=31+32(x−2)=32x−1.
The CDF is 0 below 0 and 1 above 9. Since Y=X, we have FY(y)=FX(y2) for y≥0. Its nonconstant pieces are y3/24 for 0≤y<2 and 2y/3−1 for 2≤y≤3. Differentiating gives the density
fY(y)=⎩⎨⎧y2/8,2/3,0,0≤y<2,2≤y≤3,otherwise.
解法二
思路
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也可以直接对换元关系求导。除了把密度中的输入换成 y2,还要乘 y2 的导数。
答题过程
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For y>0, differentiating FY(y)=FX(y2) gives fY(y)=2yfX(y2). For 0<y<2 this is 2y(y/16)=y2/8. For 2<y<3 it is 2y/(3y)=2/3. Outside [0,3] the density is zero. Thus the density has the two pieces stated above, with the values at the endpoints chosen by the same piecewise convention.