Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

CIE 9231 2025 Nov Paper 43 Q5

A Level / CIE / FS

CIE 9231 2025 Nov Paper 43 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

A continuous random variable XX has probability density function f\mathrm{f} given by

f(x)={116x,0≤x<4,1kx,4≤x≤9,0,otherwise,\mathrm{f}(x)= \begin{cases} \frac{1}{16}\sqrt{x}, & 0\leq x<4,\\ \frac{1}{k\sqrt{x}}, & 4\leq x\leq 9,\\ 0, & \text{otherwise,} \end{cases}

where kk is a constant.

(a) Show that k=3k=3.

[2]

(b) Find the median value of XX.

[3]

The random variable YY is defined by Y=XY=\sqrt{X}.

(c) Find the probability density function of YY.

[5]
题目中文翻译

连续随机变量 XX 的概率密度函数 f\mathrm{f} 定义为

f(x)={116x,0≤x<4,1kx,4≤x≤9,0,otherwise,\mathrm{f}(x)= \begin{cases} \frac{1}{16}\sqrt{x}, & 0\leq x<4,\\ \frac{1}{k\sqrt{x}}, & 4\leq x\leq 9,\\ 0, & \text{otherwise,} \end{cases}

其中 kk 为常数。

(a) 证明 k=3k=3。

(2)

(b) 求 XX 的中位数。

(3)

随机变量 YY 定义为 Y=XY=\sqrt{X}。

(c) 求 YY 的概率密度函数。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

分别对两段非零密度积分。两部分概率之和必须为 11。

答题过程

展开

The total probability is

 ∫04x16 dx+ ∫491kx dx= 824+2k(3−2)= 13+2k.\begin{align*} &\,\int_0^4\frac{\sqrt x}{16}\,\mathrm{d}x\\ +&\,\int_4^9\frac1{k\sqrt x}\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,\frac{8}{24}+\frac2k(3-2)\\ =&\,\frac13+\frac2k. \end{align*}

Equating it to 11 gives 2/k=2/32/k=2/3, hence k=3k=3.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

到 44 为止的累计概率只有 1/31/3,所以从第二段积分到中位数。

答题过程

展开

Since FX(4)=1/3F_X(4)=1/3, the median mm lies in (4,9)(4,9). It satisfies

 13+∫4m13x dx= 13+23(m−2)=12.\begin{align*} &\,\frac13+\int_4^m\frac1{3\sqrt x}\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,\frac13+\frac23(\sqrt m-2)=\frac12. \end{align*}

Thus m=9/4\sqrt m=9/4 and the median is m=81/16m=81/16.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

先求 XX 的累积分布函数,再用 FY(y)=FX(y2)F_Y(y)=F_X(y^2) 换元。对每段求导得到新密度。

答题过程

展开

On 0≤x<40\le x<4, FX(x)=x3/2/24F_X(x)=x^{3/2}/24. On 4≤x≤94\le x\le9,

FX(x)=13+23(x−2)=23x−1.F_X(x)=\frac13+\frac23(\sqrt x-2)=\frac23\sqrt x-1.

The CDF is 00 below 00 and 11 above 99. Since Y=XY=\sqrt X, we have FY(y)=FX(y2)F_Y(y)=F_X(y^2) for y≥0y\ge0. Its nonconstant pieces are y3/24y^3/24 for 0≤y<20\le y<2 and 2y/3−12y/3-1 for 2≤y≤32\le y\le3. Differentiating gives the density

fY(y)={y2/8,0≤y<2,2/3,2≤y≤3,0,otherwise.f_Y(y)= \begin{cases} y^2/8, & 0\le y<2,\\ 2/3, & 2\le y\le3,\\ 0, & \text{otherwise}. \end{cases}

解法二

思路

展开

也可以直接对换元关系求导。除了把密度中的输入换成 y2y^2,还要乘 y2y^2 的导数。

答题过程

展开

For y>0y>0, differentiating FY(y)=FX(y2)F_Y(y)=F_X(y^2) gives fY(y)=2yfX(y2)f_Y(y)=2y f_X(y^2). For 0<y<20<y<2 this is 2y(y/16)=y2/82y(y/16)=y^2/8. For 2<y<32<y<3 it is 2y/(3y)=2/32y/(3y)=2/3. Outside [0,3][0,3] the density is zero. Thus the density has the two pieces stated above, with the values at the endpoints chosen by the same piecewise convention.