题目
A crane is used to raise a block of mass vertically upwards at a constant speed through a height of . There is a resistance to the motion of the block, which the crane does of work to overcome.
(a) Find the total work done by the crane.
(b) Given that the average power exerted by the crane is , find the total time for which the block is in motion.
题目中文翻译
一台起重机将质量为 的物块以恒定速率竖直向上提升 。物块运动时受到阻力,起重机为克服该阻力做了 的功。
(a) 求起重机做的总功。
(b) 已知起重机的平均输出功率为 ,求物块运动的总时间。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
匀速上升,动能不变;起重机的功用于增加重力势能及克服阻力。
答题过程
展开
The gain in gravitational potential energy is
Since the speed is constant, the total work done by the crane is
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
平均功率等于总功除以总时间,先把千瓦换成瓦。
答题过程
展开
Using average power ,
Hence .