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CIE 9709 2022 March Paper 42 Q3

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2022 March Paper 42 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

A car of mass m kgm\,\mathrm{kg} is towing a trailer of mass 300 kg300\,\mathrm{kg} down a straight hill inclined at 3∘3^\circ to the horizontal at a constant speed. There are resistance forces on the car and on the trailer, and the total work done against the resistance forces in a distance of 50 m50\,\mathrm{m} is 40 000 J40\,000\,\mathrm{J}. The engine of the car is doing no work and the tow-bar is light and rigid.

(a) Find the value of mm.

(3)

The resistance force on the trailer is 200 N200\,\mathrm{N}.

(b) Find the tension in the tow-bar between the car and the trailer.

(2)

题目中文翻译

一辆质量为 m kgm\,\mathrm{kg} 的汽车牵引一辆质量为 300 kg300\,\mathrm{kg} 的拖车,以恒定速率沿与水平面成 3∘3^\circ 角的直山坡下行。汽车与拖车均受到阻力,在 50 m50\,\mathrm{m} 的路程内克服阻力所做的总功为 40 000 J40\,000\,\mathrm{J}。汽车发动机不做功,牵引杆轻质且刚性。

(a) 求 mm 的值。

(3)

拖车所受的阻力为 200 N200\,\mathrm{N}。

(b) 求汽车与拖车之间牵引杆中的张力。

(2)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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把汽车和拖车视为整体。匀速且发动机不做功,所以势能减少量恰好等于克服阻力的功。

答题过程

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The vertical drop is 50sin⁡3∘50\sin3^\circ. The total kinetic energy is unchanged and the engine does no work. Hence

(m+300)(10)(50sin⁡3∘)=40000.(m+300)(10)(50\sin3^\circ)=40000.

Therefore

m= 40000500sin⁡3∘−300= 1228.585809…≈ 1230(3 s.f.).\begin{align*} m=&\,\frac{40000}{500\sin3^\circ}-300\\[4mm] =&\,1228.585809\ldots\\[4mm] \approx&\,\boxed{1230}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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匀速且无发动机驱动力,系统总阻力等于恒定的下坡重力分量。由阻力做功求总阻力,再用平衡求质量。

答题过程

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Since the system moves at constant speed with no engine force, the total resistance balances the constant downslope weight component, so it is constant. Its magnitude is

R=4000050=800 N.R=\frac{40000}{50}=800\,\mathrm{N}.

Resolving down the slope for the combined system,

(m+300)(10)sin⁡3∘−800=0.(m+300)(10)\sin3^\circ-800=0.

Thus

m= 80010sin⁡3∘−300= 1228.585809…≈ 1230(3 s.f.).\begin{align*} m=&\,\frac{800}{10\sin3^\circ}-300\\[4mm] =&\,1228.585809\ldots\\[4mm] \approx&\,\boxed{1230}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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对拖车单独受力分析:张力沿坡向下,阻力向上,合力为零。

答题过程

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Let the tension in the tow-bar be TT. Resolving down the slope for the trailer,

T+300(10)sin⁡3∘−200=0.T+300(10)\sin3^\circ-200=0.

Hence

T= 200−3000sin⁡3∘= 42.99213127…≈ 43.0 N.\begin{align*} T=&\,200-3000\sin3^\circ\\[4mm] =&\,42.99213127\ldots\\[4mm] \approx&\,\boxed{43.0\,\mathrm{N}}. \end{align*}