题目
The total mass of a cyclist and her bicycle is . The cyclist is riding with constant power of up a straight hill inclined at an angle to the horizontal, where . At an instant when the cyclist’s speed is , her acceleration is . There is a constant resistance to motion of magnitude .
(a) Find the value of .
(b) Find the steady speed that the cyclist could maintain up the hill when working at this power.
题目中文翻译
一名骑车者与她的自行车的总质量为 。她以 的恒定功率沿直山坡上行,山坡与水平面的夹角为 ,其中 。在她的速率为 的某瞬间,加速度为 。运动中受到大小为 的恒定阻力。
(a) 求 的值。
(b) 求她以此功率骑行时能够维持的上坡稳定速率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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由恒功率与瞬时速率求驱动力。加速度是沿上坡正方向的负值,列式时要保留其符号。
答题过程
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At speed , the driving force is
Taking up the slope as positive, Newton’s second law gives
Thus , giving .
(b)
解法一
思路
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稳态速率对应加速度为零,此时驱动力等于阻力与重力下坡分量之和。
答题过程
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At steady speed , the resultant force is zero:
Thus , and