题目
A cyclist starts from rest at a fixed point and moves in a straight line, before coming to rest seconds later. The acceleration of the cyclist at time after leaving is , where for .
(a) Find the value of .
(b) Find the maximum speed of the cyclist.
(c) Find an expression for the displacement from in terms of . Hence find the total distance travelled by the cyclist from the time at which she reaches her maximum speed until she comes to rest.
题目中文翻译
一名骑车者从固定点 由静止出发沿直线运动,并在 秒后停止运动。离开 后 时,她的加速度为 ,其中当 时,。
(a) 求 的值。
(b) 求骑车者的最大速率。
(c) 求相对于 的位移关于 的表达式。进而求从她达到最大速率时起到停止运动为止经过的总路程。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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加速度积分得到速度,用静止出发确定积分常数,再找下一次速度为零的时刻。
答题过程
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Integrating the acceleration,
Since the cyclist starts from rest, as , so . Therefore
The next rest time is the positive root . Hence .
(b)
解法一
思路
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运动期间速度非负,最大速率出现在加速度由正变负之处。
答题过程
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For the velocity is positive, so speed equals velocity. Also
Thus at , with before this time and afterwards. Hence the speed is maximised there:
(c)
解法一
思路
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对速度积分,并用初始位移零确定常数。最大速率以后直到停止之前速度仍为正,因此路程就是位移增加量。
答题过程
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Integrating the velocity,
Since at , . Thus
for .
The velocity is non-negative throughout this interval. Hence the distance travelled from maximum speed to rest is