题目
A particle is projected vertically upwards from horizontal ground with speed .
(a) Find the speed of when it is above the ground.
At the same instant that is projected, a second particle is dropped from a height of above the ground in the same vertical line as .
(b) Find the height above the ground at which the two particles collide.
题目中文翻译
一个质点 从水平地面以 的速率竖直向上抛出。
(a) 求 距地面 时的速率。
在 抛出的同一瞬间,第二个质点 从距地面 的高度由静止释放,且与 位于同一竖直线上。
(b) 求两个质点碰撞时离地面的高度。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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竖直位移10米,用速度平方关系求速率。
答题过程
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Taking upwards as positive,
Therefore the speed is
(b)
解法一
思路
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两粒子同受重力,分别写出相对地面的高度式,碰撞时相等。
答题过程
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At time after release, the heights above the ground are
Equating gives , so . Thus the collision height is
解法二
思路
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相对加速度为零,两者以恒定相对速度15靠近,先求相遇时间再求高度。
答题过程
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Both particles have the same downward acceleration, so their relative acceleration is zero. Their initial separation is and their closing speed is . Therefore
Particle falls through , so the collision height is