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CIE 9709 2023 March Paper 42 Q2

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2023 March Paper 42 Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

A particle PP is projected vertically upwards from horizontal ground with speed 15 m s−115\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

(a) Find the speed of PP when it is 10 m10\,\mathrm{m} above the ground.

(2)

At the same instant that PP is projected, a second particle QQ is dropped from a height of 18 m18\,\mathrm{m} above the ground in the same vertical line as PP.

(b) Find the height above the ground at which the two particles collide.

(3)

题目中文翻译

一个质点 PP 从水平地面以 15 m s−115\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的速率竖直向上抛出。

(a) 求 PP 距地面 10 m10\,\mathrm{m} 时的速率。

(2)

在 PP 抛出的同一瞬间,第二个质点 QQ 从距地面 18 m18\,\mathrm{m} 的高度由静止释放,且与 PP 位于同一竖直线上。

(b) 求两个质点碰撞时离地面的高度。

(3)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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竖直位移10米,用速度平方关系求速率。

答题过程

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Taking upwards as positive,

v2=152−2(10)(10)=25.v^2=15^2-2(10)(10)=25.

Therefore the speed is

5 m s−1.\boxed{5\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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两粒子同受重力,分别写出相对地面的高度式,碰撞时相等。

答题过程

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At time tt after release, the heights above the ground are

hP=15t−5t2,hQ=18−5t2.h_P=15t-5t^2,\qquad h_Q=18-5t^2.

Equating gives 15t=1815t=18, so t=1.2 st=1.2\,\mathrm{s}. Thus the collision height is

h=18−5(1.2)2=10.8 m.\boxed{h=18-5(1.2)^2=10.8\,\mathrm{m}}.

解法二

思路

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相对加速度为零,两者以恒定相对速度15靠近,先求相遇时间再求高度。

答题过程

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Both particles have the same downward acceleration, so their relative acceleration is zero. Their initial separation is 18 m18\,\mathrm{m} and their closing speed is 15 m s−115\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. Therefore

t=1815=1.2 s.t=\frac{18}{15}=1.2\,\mathrm{s}.

Particle QQ falls through 5t2=7.2 m5t^2=7.2\,\mathrm{m}, so the collision height is

18−7.2=10.8 m.\boxed{18-7.2=10.8\,\mathrm{m}}.