题目
The diagram shows a block of mass supported by two sloping struts and , each attached at an angle of to fixed points and respectively on a horizontal floor. The block is also held in place by a vertical rope attached to a fixed point on a horizontal ceiling. The tension in the rope is and the block rests in equilibrium.
(a) Find the magnitude of the force in each of the struts and .
A horizontal force of magnitude is applied to the block in a direction parallel to .
(b) Find the value of for which the magnitude of the force in the strut is zero.
题目中文翻译
如图所示,一个质量为 的物块 由两根倾斜支杆 和 支撑。两根支杆分别连接到水平地板上的固定点 和 ,各与地板成 角。物块还由一根竖直绳 固定,绳的另一端连接到水平天花板上的固定点 。绳 的张力为 ,物块静止且处于平衡状态。
(a) 求支杆 和 中各自的力的大小。
一个大小为 的水平力沿平行于 的方向作用于物块。
(b) 求使支杆 中的力的大小为零的 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
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水平对称使两支杆力相等。它们受压,向上分量与绳的500牛共同平衡重力。
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Horizontal equilibrium gives equal strut forces, of magnitude . Resolving vertically,
Therefore
in each strut, in compression.
解法二
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对称先给出两力相等,再垂直其中一根支杆分解,消去该杆力,直接求另一杆力。
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By horizontal symmetry, the two strut forces have the same magnitude . The struts are perpendicular. Resolving perpendicular to one strut,
Hence
解法三
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把竖直绳力与重力先合并成净向下500牛,两个支杆力与它形成直角力三角形。
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The net vertical force excluding the struts is downwards. Horizontal equilibrium makes the two strut forces equal. In the closed right-angled force triangle,
Thus
解法四
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合并重力与绳力后,对剩余三个平衡力使用Lami定理。
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The weight and rope force combine to a downward force of . Each strut force makes with this downward force, while the two strut forces are perpendicular. By Lami’s theorem,
Hence
(b)
解法一
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AD杆力为零,BD提供全部剩余竖直支持,因此其水平分量就是所需外力大小。
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With the force in zero, let the force in be . Vertical equilibrium gives
The horizontal force balances its horizontal component:
解法二
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垂直BD分解,直接消去唯一剩余支杆力。
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With no force in , resolve perpendicular to :
Since ,
解法三
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净向下力500与外力F分别对应相同夹角的正弦,Lami定理直接给二者相等。
答题过程
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Combine the weight and vertical rope force into downwards. With the force zero, the remaining three forces are in equilibrium. By Lami’s theorem,
Thus
解法四
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在闭合直角力三角形中,两条直角边为F和500,角为45度。
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The closed force triangle has perpendicular sides and , with an acute angle of . Thus