题目
A block , of mass , lies on a rough inclined plane sloping at to the horizontal. A light rope, inclined at an angle of above a line of greatest slope, is attached to . The tension in the rope is . There is a friction force of acting on (see diagram). The coefficient of friction between and the plane is .
(a) It is given that and that the acceleration of up the plane is .
(i) Find the value of .
(ii) Find the value of .
(b) It is given instead that and .
Determine whether will move up the plane.
题目中文翻译
一个质量为 的物块 位于与水平面成 角的粗糙斜面上。一根轻绳连接到 ,绳的方向在最大坡度线上方,与最大坡度线成 角。绳的张力为 。物块 受到大小为 的摩擦力(见图)。 与斜面之间的摩擦系数为 。
(a) 已知 ,且 沿斜面向上的加速度为 。
(i) 求 的值。
(ii) 求 的值。
(b) 若改为已知 且 。
判断 是否会沿斜面向上运动。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)(i)
解法一
思路
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沿坡向上列牛顿第二定律,张力只有余弦分量沿坡,摩擦及重力分量向下。
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Resolving up the plane,
Thus
(a)(ii)
解法一
思路
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法向没有加速度,张力向外分量减小支持力。用未舍入张力算μ。
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Resolving perpendicular to the plane,
Using the unrounded from (a)(i), . Since ,
(b)
解法一
思路
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比较向上运动趋势所需的摩擦与最大静摩擦,不把μR当成一定存在的实际摩擦。
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With and , the reaction is
Without friction the net force up the plane is
The maximum available static friction is
Since , friction can maintain equilibrium. Therefore .
解法二
思路
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也可求防止上滑所需的最小摩擦系数,与已给0.8比较。
答题过程
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The coefficient needed for limiting equilibrium against upward motion is
Since , the available friction is sufficient to prevent upward motion. Thus