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CIE 9709 2023 March Paper 42 Q7

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2023 March Paper 42 Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

The diagram shows a smooth track which lies in a vertical plane. The section ABAB is a quarter circle of radius 1.8 m1.8\,\mathrm{m} with centre OO. The section BCBC is a horizontal straight line of length 7.0 m7.0\,\mathrm{m} and OBOB is perpendicular to BCBC. The section CFECFE is a straight line inclined at an angle of θ∘\theta^\circ above the horizontal.

A particle PP of mass 0.5 kg0.5\,\mathrm{kg} is released from rest at AA. Particle PP collides with a particle QQ of mass 0.1 kg0.1\,\mathrm{kg} which is at rest at BB. Immediately after the collision, the speed of PP is 4 m s−14\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} in the direction BCBC. You should assume that PP is moving horizontally when it collides with QQ.

(a) Show that the speed of QQ immediately after the collision is 10 m s−110\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

(4)

When QQ reaches CC, it collides with a particle RR of mass 0.4 kg0.4\,\mathrm{kg} which is at rest at CC. The two particles coalesce. The combined particle comes instantaneously to rest at FF. You should assume that there is no instantaneous change in speed as the combined particle leaves CC, nor when it passes through CC again as it returns down the slope.

(b) Given that the distance CFCF is 0.4 m0.4\,\mathrm{m}, find the value of θ\theta.

(4)

(c) Find the distance from BB at which PP collides with the combined particle.

(5)

题目中文翻译

图中给出了一条位于竖直平面内的光滑轨道。ABAB 段是以 OO 为圆心、半径为 1.8 m1.8\,\mathrm{m} 的四分之一圆弧。BCBC 段是一条长为 7.0 m7.0\,\mathrm{m} 的水平直线,且 OBOB 垂直于 BCBC。CFECFE 段是一条与水平方向成 θ∘\theta^\circ 角、向上倾斜的直线。

一个质量为 0.5 kg0.5\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点 PP 从 AA 点由静止释放。PP 与静止在 BB 点、质量为 0.1 kg0.1\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点 QQ 碰撞。碰撞后瞬间,PP 沿 BCBC 方向以 4 m s−14\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的速率运动。你应假设 PP 与 QQ 碰撞时沿水平方向运动。

(a) 证明:碰撞后瞬间 QQ 的速率为 10 m s−110\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}。

(4)

当 QQ 到达 CC 时,它与静止在 CC 点、质量为 0.4 kg0.4\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点 RR 碰撞。两质点结合在一起。结合后的质点在 FF 点瞬时静止。你应假设结合后的质点离开 CC 时,以及沿斜面返回并再次经过 CC 时,速率均没有瞬时变化。

(b) 已知距离 CFCF 为 0.4 m0.4\,\mathrm{m},求 θ\theta 的值。

(4)

(c) 求 PP 与结合后的质点碰撞的位置到 BB 的距离。

(5)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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曲线段用机械能守恒求P到B的速度,再用碰撞动量守恒推出Q速率;不能把曲线段当匀加速。

答题过程

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The track is smooth. From AA to BB, conservation of mechanical energy gives

12(0.5)v2=0.5(10)(1.8).\frac12(0.5)v^2=0.5(10)(1.8). v=6 m s−1.v=6\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

At the first collision, conservation of horizontal momentum gives

0.5(6)=0.5(4)+0.1w.0.5(6)=0.5(4)+0.1w.

Thus 0.1w=10.1w=1, so

w=10 m s−1.\boxed{w=10\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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第二次碰撞粘合,先守恒动量求合速2,再用上坡动能转势能求θ。

答题过程

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If the common speed after the collision at CC is uu, conservation of momentum gives

0.1(10)=(0.1+0.4)u.0.1(10)=(0.1+0.4)u. u=2 m s−1.u=2\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

The combined particle rises 0.4sin⁡θ0.4\sin\theta vertically before stopping. Conservation of energy gives

12(0.5)(22)=0.5(10)(0.4sin⁡θ).\frac12(0.5)(2^2)=0.5(10)(0.4\sin\theta).

Hence sin⁡θ=1/2\sin\theta=1/2. Since the incline is acute,

θ=30.0∘.\boxed{\theta=30.0^\circ}.

解法二

思路

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碰撞后在直线光滑坡上匀减速,可以由停止距离求减速度,再由重力沿坡分量求角。

答题过程

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At CC, conservation of momentum gives

0.1(10)=0.5u,u=2 m s−1.0.1(10)=0.5u,\qquad u=2\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

Taking up the slope as positive,

0=22+2a(0.4),a=−5 m s−2.0=2^2+2a(0.4),\qquad a=-5\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

Newton’s second law on the smooth slope gives

−0.5gsin⁡θ=0.5(−5).-0.5g\sin\theta=0.5(-5). sin⁡θ=12.\sin\theta=\frac12.

Therefore

θ=30.0∘.\boxed{\theta=30.0^\circ}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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从B处第一次碰撞起追踪:Q用0.7秒到C,合体上、下坡各0.4秒;合体回到C时P已到距B6米处,再用相向速率求相遇点。

答题过程

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Take time zero at the collision at BB. Particle QQ reaches CC after 7/10=0.7 s7/10=0.7\,\mathrm{s}. The combined particle has initial speed 22 and deceleration magnitude 55 on the slope, so its ascent takes 2/5=0.4 s2/5=0.4\,\mathrm{s}. The descent takes the same time, and it returns to CC at speed 2 m s−12\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

At time 0.7+0.4+0.4=1.5 s0.7+0.4+0.4=1.5\,\mathrm{s}, PP has travelled 4(1.5)=6 m4(1.5)=6\,\mathrm{m} from BB, leaving a 1 m1\,\mathrm{m} gap. Their closing speed is 4+2=6 m s−14+2=6\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}, so the further time is 1/6 s1/6\,\mathrm{s}. The collision point is therefore

6+4(16)=203 m from B.\boxed{6+4\bigg(\frac16\bigg)=\frac{20}{3}\,\mathrm{m}\text{ from }B}.

解法二

思路

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也可直接设相遇点距B为b,用P总用时等于Q及合体各段用时之和。

答题过程

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After the first collision, PP moves at 4 m s−14\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. Particle QQ takes 0.7 s0.7\,\mathrm{s} to reach CC, and the combined particle takes 0.4 s0.4\,\mathrm{s} to ascend and 0.4 s0.4\,\mathrm{s} to return to CC, with speed 2 m s−12\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} on returning.

Let the collision point be b mb\,\mathrm{m} from BB. Equating times since the first collision,

b4=0.7+0.4+0.4+7−b2.\frac b4=0.7+0.4+0.4+\frac{7-b}{2}.

Multiplying by 44 gives b=6+14−2bb=6+14-2b, so

b=203 m.\boxed{b=\frac{20}{3}\,\mathrm{m}}.