题目
An aeroplane is flying at a constant speed.
(a) The aeroplane is flying horizontally. The aeroplane’s engines are producing a constant power of , and the aeroplane experiences a constant horizontal resistance force of .
Find the speed of the aeroplane.
(b) The aeroplane then ascends in , while maintaining the same speed. The resistance force is no longer constant, and the work done against the resistance force in ascending is . The mass of the aeroplane is .
Find the average power of the aeroplane’s engines.
题目中文翻译
一架飞机以恒定速率飞行。
(a) 飞机水平飞行。飞机发动机产生的功率恒为 ,飞机受到大小恒为 的水平阻力。
求飞机的速率。
(b) 随后飞机在保持相同速率的同时,在 内上升 。阻力不再恒定,在上升这 的过程中,克服阻力所做的功为 。飞机的质量为 。
求飞机发动机的平均功率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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水平匀速时推力等于阻力。统一单位后用功率等于力乘速率。
答题过程
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Since the aeroplane travels horizontally at constant speed, its thrust is . Using ,
(b)
解法一
思路
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速率不变,所以动能不变。发动机做功等于重力势能增加与克服阻力做功之和,再除以总时间求平均功率。
答题过程
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The increase in gravitational potential energy is
The speed is unchanged, so the change in kinetic energy is zero. The work done by the engines is therefore
Hence the average power is