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CIE 9709 2025 March Paper 42 Q5

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2025 March Paper 42 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

Three particles PP, QQ and RR, of masses 0.6 kg0.6\,\mathrm{kg}, 0.4 kg0.4\,\mathrm{kg} and 0.8 kg0.8\,\mathrm{kg} respectively, are at rest in a straight line on a smooth horizontal plane. The distance from PP to QQ is 3 m3\,\mathrm{m}, and the distance from QQ to RR is also 3 m3\,\mathrm{m} (see diagram). PP is projected directly towards QQ with speed 3 m s−13\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. After PP and QQ collide, PP continues to move in the same direction with speed 1.5 m s−11.5\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

(a) Find the speed of QQ after the collision.

(2)

In the subsequent collision between QQ and RR, these particles coalesce.

(b) Find the speed of the combined particle after this collision.

(1)

(c) Find the time that it takes from when PP is initially projected until the instant at which PP collides with the combined particle.

(4)
题目中文翻译

质量分别为 0.6 kg0.6\,\mathrm{kg}、0.4 kg0.4\,\mathrm{kg} 和 0.8 kg0.8\,\mathrm{kg} 的三个质点 PP、QQ 和 RR,在光滑水平面上沿一条直线静止放置。PP 到 QQ 的距离为 3 m3\,\mathrm{m},QQ 到 RR 的距离也为 3 m3\,\mathrm{m}(见图)。PP 以 3 m s−13\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的速率直接朝 QQ 发射。PP 与 QQ 碰撞后,PP 继续沿原方向以 1.5 m s−11.5\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的速率运动。

(a) 求碰撞后 QQ 的速率。

(2)

在随后 QQ 与 RR 的碰撞中,这两个质点粘合在一起。

(b) 求此次碰撞后合成质点的速率。

(1)

(c) 求从 PP 最初发射至 PP 与合成质点碰撞的瞬间所经历的时间。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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碰撞时间很短,沿水平线动量守恒。统一取P最初的运动方向为正方向。

答题过程

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Taking the initial direction of PP as positive, conservation of momentum gives

0.6(3)=0.6(1.5)+0.4v.0.6(3)=0.6(1.5)+0.4v.

Hence

0.4v=0.9,v=2.25 m s−1.0.4v=0.9,\qquad \boxed{v=2.25\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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Q、R粘在一起后用共同速度表示末动量。

答题过程

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If their common velocity is ww, conservation of momentum gives

0.4(2.25)=(0.4+0.8)w.0.4(2.25)=(0.4+0.8)w.

Therefore

w=0.75 m s−1.\boxed{w=0.75\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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依次求首次碰撞、QR碰撞以及P追上合体的用时。在第二次碰撞时算出相距,再用相对速率。

答题过程

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The time until the first collision is

t1=33=1 s.t_1=\frac33=1\,\mathrm{s}.

Afterwards QQ reaches RR in

t2=32.25=43 s.t_2=\frac{3}{2.25}=\frac43\,\mathrm{s}.

During this time PP travels 1.5(4/3)=2 m1.5(4/3)=2\,\mathrm{m}, so it is 1 m1\,\mathrm{m} behind the combined particle. Their relative speed is 1.5−0.75=0.75 m s−11.5-0.75=0.75\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. The further time is

t3=10.75=43 s.t_3=\frac{1}{0.75}=\frac43\,\mathrm{s}.

Hence the time from projection is

t1+t2+t3=1+43+43=113 s.t_1+t_2+t_3=1+\frac43+\frac43 =\boxed{\frac{11}{3}\,\mathrm{s}}.

解法二

思路

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另一种追及参照点:先等P到达R最初的位置,计算合体已领先多远,再算剩余追及时间。

答题过程

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The first collision occurs after 1 s1\,\mathrm{s}. From then, PP takes 3/1.5=2 s3/1.5=2\,\mathrm{s} to reach the original position of RR, whereas QQ takes 3/2.25=4/3 s3/2.25=4/3\,\mathrm{s}.

By the time PP reaches that position, the combined particle has moved for 2−4/3=2/3 s2-4/3=2/3\,\mathrm{s} and is ahead by

0.75(23)=12 m.0.75\bigg(\frac23\bigg)=\frac12\,\mathrm{m}.

The additional time to catch it is

1/21.5−0.75=23 s.\frac{1/2}{1.5-0.75}=\frac23\,\mathrm{s}.

Thus the time from projection is

1+2+23=113 s.1+2+\frac23=\boxed{\frac{11}{3}\,\mathrm{s}}.