题目
A cyclist starts from rest and moves in a straight line with acceleration for . They then accelerate at for a distance of , reaching a speed of . They then travel at speed for . They then travel a distance of whilst decelerating uniformly to rest.
(a) Find the value of .
(b) (i) Find the total distance travelled by the cyclist.
(ii) Find the average speed of the cyclist for the whole of their motion.
题目中文翻译
一名骑车者从静止开始,以 的加速度沿直线运动 。随后以 的加速度行驶 ,达到 的速率。接着以 的速率行驶 。之后在匀减速至静止的过程中又行驶了 。
(a) 求 的值。
(b) (i) 求骑车者行驶的总路程。
(ii) 求骑车者在整个运动过程中的平均速率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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分阶段计算:第一段末速度5,第二段知道路程与加速度,用v²公式。
答题过程
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After the first 10 seconds, the speed is
For the next 13 metres,
Since is a speed, .
(b)(i)
解法一
思路
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四段路程分别计算后相加,第一段用静止匀加速位移。
答题过程
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The first-stage distance is
The four distances are , , and metres. Thus the total distance is
(b)(ii)
解法一
思路
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平均速率用总路程除总时间,不能平均各段速率。第二、第四段的时间需另求。
答题过程
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The time for the second stage is
During uniform deceleration from 8 to 0, the average speed is , so
The total time is seconds. Hence the average speed is