题目
A car of mass passes through points and with speeds and respectively. The distance is . The heights of and above sea level are and respectively. The car’s engine does no work in moving from to . There are two forces resisting the motion of the car, a braking force and an additional constant force of magnitude .
Use an energy method to find the work done by the braking force as the car moves from to .
题目中文翻译
一辆质量为 的汽车经过点 和 时的速率分别为 和 。距离 为 。 和 的海拔高度分别为 和 。汽车从 行驶至 的过程中,发动机不做功。有两个力阻碍汽车运动:一个制动力,以及一个大小为 的额外恒力。
使用能量方法,求汽车从 行驶至 时制动力所做的功。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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题目指定能量法。势能减少用于增加动能、克服150N阻力及制动耗散,区分两类阻力功。
答题过程
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The decrease in gravitational potential energy is
The increase in kinetic energy is
The work against the additional resistance is . Since the engine does no work, the energy removed by braking is