题目
A particle of mass is connected by a light inextensible string to a particle of mass . The string joining the two particles is taut and is parallel to a line of greatest slope of a rough plane which is inclined at an angle of to the horizontal. A constant force of magnitude acts on and pulls the particles up the plane. The force acts parallel to a line of greatest slope of the plane (see diagram). The coefficient of friction between each of the particles and the plane is .
(a) Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the particles and the tension in the string.
(b) At the instant when the speed of the particles is , the string breaks.
Find the time it takes from the instant the string breaks until comes to instantaneous rest.
题目中文翻译
一个质量为 的质点 ,通过一根轻质不可伸长细绳连接到质量为 的质点 。连接两质点的细绳绷紧,并平行于粗糙斜面的一条最大坡度线,斜面与水平面的夹角为 。一个大小为 的恒力作用于 ,拉着两质点沿斜面向上运动。该 的力平行于斜面的一条最大坡度线(见图)。每个质点与斜面之间的摩擦系数均为 。
(a) 求两质点的加速度大小及细绳中的张力。
(b) 在两质点的速率为 的瞬间,细绳断裂。
求从细绳断裂的瞬间起至 瞬时静止所需的时间。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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两粒子沿坡上行,重力分量与摩擦均向下。对整体求共同加速度,再对P单独求张力。
答题过程
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Taking up the plane as positive, the combined normal contact force is
The total friction is . For the system,
so
For , its normal force is , so
Thus
(b)
解法一
思路
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断绳后P不再有张力,但仍上行,重力与摩擦都使其减速。
答题过程
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After the string breaks, resolving up the plane for gives
Hence . Using the initial upward speed 2,
解法二
思路
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也可先用能量求上行停止距离,再用平均速度求时间。
答题过程
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Let be ‘s distance up the plane after the string breaks. Its initial kinetic energy is used to increase potential energy and overcome friction:
Thus
As the deceleration is constant, , with measured in metres and in seconds. Therefore