题目
Two racing cars and are at rest alongside each other at a point on a straight horizontal test track. The mass of is . The engine of produces a constant driving force of . When arrives at a point its speed is . The distance is . The work done against the resistance force experienced by between and is .
(a) Show that .
Car starts off at the same instant as car . The two cars arrive at simultaneously and with the same speed. The engine of produces a driving force of and the car experiences a constant resistance to motion of .
(b) Find the mass of .
(c) Find the steady speed which can maintain when its engine is working at the same rate as it is at .
题目中文翻译
两辆赛车 和 并排静止在水平直线测试跑道上的 点。 的质量为 ,其发动机产生 的恒定驱动力。 到达 点时,速率为 。距离 为 。 在 与 之间克服所受阻力做的功为 。
(a) 证明 。
赛车 与赛车 同时出发。两辆车同时到达 ,且到达时速率相同。 的发动机产生 的驱动力,赛车受到 的恒定运动阻力。
(b) 求 的质量。
(c) 当 的发动机以其在 点时相同的功率工作时,求 能维持的稳定速率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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阻力只给全程做功,不能假设恒加速度。用驱动力功减阻力功等于末动能,实际推出d。
答题过程
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The car starts from rest. By the work-energy equation,
Thus , giving
(b)
解法一
思路
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B驱动力与阻力都恒定,所以B匀加速;已知路程100及末速25,可先求加速度再求质量。
答题过程
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For car , constant acceleration gives
Newton’s second law gives
Thus
解法二
思路
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也可直接对B列能量方程,净功转为从静止增加的动能。
答题过程
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For car , the work-energy equation is
Hence
(c)
解法一
思路
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先求B在P处的功率,再令同功率下稳速驱动力等于阻力。
答题过程
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At , the engine power of is
At steady speed with this power,
Therefore