题目
Two particles and , of masses and respectively, are moving down the same line of greatest slope of a smooth plane. The plane is inclined at to the horizontal, and is higher up the plane than . When the particles collide, the speeds of and are and respectively. In the collision between the particles, the speed of is reduced to .
(a) Find the speed of immediately after the collision.
After the collision, when has moved down the plane from the point of collision, it hits a barrier and returns back up the same line of greatest slope. hits the barrier after the collision, and when it hits the barrier, its speed is reduced by . The two particles collide again after their previous collision, and they then coalesce on impact.
(b) Show that the speed of immediately after it hits the barrier is . Hence find the speed of the combined particle immediately after the second collision between and .
题目中文翻译
质量分别为 和 的两个质点 和 沿光滑斜面的同一条最大坡度线向下运动。斜面与水平面成 角, 在斜面上的位置高于 。两质点碰撞时, 和 的速率分别为 和 。此次碰撞使 的速率减小为 。
(a) 求碰撞后瞬间 的速率。
碰撞后, 从碰撞点沿斜面向下移动 后撞到一道障碍物,并沿同一条最大坡度线向上返回。 在碰撞后 撞到障碍物,撞击使其速率减小 。两质点在上一次碰撞后 再次碰撞,并在此次撞击中合为一体。
(b) 证明 撞到障碍物后瞬间的速率为 。进而求 与 第二次碰撞后瞬间合并质点的速率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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沿坡向下为正,守恒第一次碰撞动量。
答题过程
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Conservation of momentum gives
Thus , so
(b)
解法一
思路
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重力沿坡分量使两粒子下坡加速度都为5。B反弹后速度为负0.5,只再运动0.04秒;A则从第一次碰撞继续运动0.44秒,两个时间不能混淆。
答题过程
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Taking down the plane as positive, each particle has acceleration
The speed of just before hitting the barrier is
It loses of its speed, so its speed immediately afterwards is
with velocity up the plane.
Immediately before the second particle collision,
in . Conservation of momentum then gives
Thus