题目
Small smooth spheres and , of equal radii and of masses and respectively, lie on a smooth horizontal plane. Initially is at rest and is moving towards with speed . The spheres collide and after the collision continues to move in the same direction but with a quarter of the speed of .
(a) Find the speed of after the collision.
(b) Find the loss of kinetic energy of the system due to the collision.
题目中文翻译
半径相等的光滑小球 和 位于光滑水平面上,质量分别为 和 。最初 静止, 以 的速率朝 运动。两球碰撞后, 继续沿原方向运动,但其速率为 的速率的四分之一。
(a) 求碰撞后 的速率。
(b) 求系统因碰撞而损失的动能。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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水平方向没有外力冲量,取碰撞前A的运动方向为正;碰撞后A的速率是B的四分之一。
答题过程
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Let the speed of after the collision be . Then the speed of is . Conservation of momentum gives
Hence the speed of is , and that of is .
(b)
解法一
思路
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分别算碰撞前、后两球的总动能,再取减少量。
答题过程
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Before the collision,
After the collision,
The loss of kinetic energy is