题目
A particle , moving along a straight horizontal track with constant speed , passes a fixed point . Four seconds later, another particle passes , moving along a parallel track in the same direction as . Particle has speed when it passes and has a constant deceleration of . comes to rest when it returns to .
(a) Find expressions, in terms of , for the displacement from of each particle seconds after passes .
(b) Find the values of when the particles are the same distance from .
(c) On the given axes, sketch the displacement-time graphs for both particles, for values of from to .
题目中文翻译
质点 沿水平直轨道以 的恒定速率运动,经过固定点 。四秒后,另一质点 经过 ,沿一条平行轨道与 同向运动。质点 经过 时的速率为 ,其恒定减速度为 。 返回 时停止运动。
(a) 求 经过 后 秒时各质点相对于 的位移关于 的表达式。
(b) 求两质点距 的距离相同时 的值。
(c) 在给定的坐标轴上,画出两个质点在 从 到 范围内的位移—时间图的草图。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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t从B经过O时开始计时,因此A已先走了4秒。两式的时间原点要保持一致。
答题过程
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Taking the initial direction of motion as positive, at particle is ahead of . Hence
For , the initial velocity is and the acceleration is . Therefore
Both displacements are in metres, with in seconds, for the motion up to ‘s return to .
(b)
解法一
思路
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在B返回O之前,两粒子位移都非负,因此同距离可直接令位移相等。
答题过程
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For , and . Equal distances from therefore require
Thus . Both values lie in the required interval. After stops at , continues away, so there are no later equal-distance times.
(c)
解法一
思路
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A是截距32、斜率8的直线;B配方后可看出顶点为(10,100)。标出两条曲线的交点。
答题过程
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Sketch the graphs on axes labelled and for :
- : the straight line , from to .
- : the downward-opening parabola , through and , with maximum at .
- Mark the intersections and .