题目
Two particles and , of masses and respectively, are at rest on a smooth horizontal plane. is projected at a speed of directly towards . After and collide, begins to move with a speed of .
(a) Find the speed of after the collision.
After the collision, moves directly towards a third particle , of mass , which is at rest on the plane. The two particles and coalesce on impact and move with a speed of .
(b) Find .
题目中文翻译
质量分别为 和 的两个质点 和 静止在光滑水平面上。 以 的速率直接朝 发射。 与 碰撞后, 开始以 的速率运动。
(a) 求碰撞后 的速率。
碰撞后, 直接朝第三个质点 运动, 的质量为 ,静止在该平面上。 与 在碰撞时合为一体,并以 的速率运动。
(b) 求 。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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取P最初的运动方向为正,水平动量守恒。
答题过程
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Let the velocity of after the collision be , in its initial direction. Conservation of momentum gives
Thus , so . The speed of is .
(b)
解法一
思路
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第二次碰撞中Q与R粘在一起,碰后总质量为0.2+m。
答题过程
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Applying conservation of momentum to the collision of and ,
Hence .