题目
Problem
A particle P moves in a straight line through a point O. The velocity vms−1 of P, at time ts after passing O, is given by
v=49+(t+1)2b−ct2,
where b and c are positive constants. At t=5, the velocity of P is zero and its acceleration is −1213ms−2.
(a) Show that b=9 and find the value of c.
(5)
(b) Given that the velocity of P is zero only at t=5, find the distance travelled in the first 10 seconds of motion.
(5)
题目中文翻译
质点 P 沿经过 O 点的直线运动。经过 O 后 ts 时,P 的速度 vms−1 由下式给出:
v=49+(t+1)2b−ct2,
其中 b 和 c 为正常数。在 t=5 时,P 的速度为零,加速度为 −1213ms−2。
(a) 证明 b=9,并求 c 的值。
(5)
(b) 已知 P 的速度仅在 t=5 时为零,求运动的前 10 秒内经过的路程。
(5)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (g) is needed, use 10ms−2.
需要使用重力加速度 g 的数值时,取 10ms−2。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
将t=5时的速度和加速度分别代入,联立求b和c;不能先假定要证明的b=9。
答题过程
展开
Since v(5)=0,
49+36b−25c=0.
Multiplying by 36,
b−900c=−81.(1)
Differentiating,
a=dtdv=−(t+1)32b−2ct.
Using a(5)=−13/12 gives
−108b−10c=−1213.
Multiplying by −108,
b+1080c=117.(2)
Subtracting (1) from (2), 1980c=198, so
c=101.
Substituting into (1),
b=−81+900101=9,
as required.
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
速度只在t=5为零,且最初为正,10秒时为负。因此在5秒处分开积分,再把两段路程相加。
答题过程
展开
With b=9 and c=1/10,
v=49+(t+1)29−10t2.
Since v(0)>0, v(10)<0, and the only zero is at t=5, the particle moves forwards on 0≤t<5 and backwards on 5<t≤10.
An antiderivative of v is
S(t)=49t−t+19−30t3.
In particular,
S(0)=S(5)=S(10)=−9,1267,−66769.
Thus the total distance is
D===≈(S(5)−S(0))+(S(5)−S(10))12175+13222751135031.8m(3 s.f.).