题目
A particle of mass is projected vertically upwards from horizontal ground with speed .
(a) Find the greatest height above the ground reached by .
When reaches the ground again, it bounces vertically upwards. At the first instant that it hits the ground, loses of energy.
(b) Find the time between the first and second instants at which hits the ground.
题目中文翻译
一个质量为 的质点 从水平地面以 的速率竖直向上抛出。
(a) 求 到达的离地最大高度。
当 再次到达地面时,它竖直向上反弹。在第一次撞击地面的瞬间, 损失了 的能量。
(b) 求 第一次与第二次撞击地面之间的时间。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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最高点速度为零,用速度平方公式求最大高度。
答题过程
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Taking upwards as positive,
Therefore
解法二
思路
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也可用初动能全部变为重力势能。
答题过程
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At the highest point the kinetic energy is zero. Conservation of mechanical energy gives
Hence
(b)
解法一
思路
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第一次落地前动能为20,碰地损失7.2后剩12.8。求反弹速率,再算从地面到地面的飞行时间。
答题过程
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The speed immediately before the first impact is , so the kinetic energy is
If the rebound speed is ,
The particle returns to the ground with velocity . Thus
解法二
思路
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也可由碰后机械能先求反弹最高高度3.2米,再用最高点自由落体的时间乘二。
答题过程
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Before the first impact the kinetic energy is . After the loss of , the energy available for the rebound is . If the rebound maximum height is ,
The time to fall from this maximum height to the ground satisfies
The ascent takes the same time. Therefore the interval between impacts is