题目
The velocity of a particle at time after leaving a fixed point is . The diagram shows a velocity-time graph which models the motion of the particle. The graph consists of straight line segments. The particle accelerates to a speed of in a period of , then travels at constant speed for , and then comes instantaneously to rest later. The particle then moves back and returns to rest at at time .
(a) Find the distance travelled by the particle in the first of its motion.
(b) Given that , find the minimum velocity of the particle.
(c) Given instead that the greatest speed of the particle is , find the value of and hence find the average speed of the particle for the whole of the motion.
题目中文翻译
一个质点离开固定点 后 时的速度为 。图中给出了描述质点运动的速度—时间图像。图像由 条直线段组成。质点在 内加速至 的速率,然后以恒定速率运动 ,再过 后瞬时静止。随后质点往回运动,并在 时返回 点静止。
(a) 求质点在运动的前 内经过的距离。
(b) 已知 ,求质点的最小速度。
(c) 若改为已知质点的最大速率为 ,求 的值,并由此求质点在整个运动过程中的平均速率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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前10秒速度非负,梯形面积就是路程;两个平行边是总时间10和平台时间6。
答题过程
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The distance travelled is the area under the velocity-time graph:
(b)
解法一
思路
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最后回到O,负位移面积大小应等于前面正位移7.2。负三角形无需假设对称。
答题过程
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Since the particle returns to , its displacement from to is . If the minimum velocity is ,
Hence
(c)
解法一
思路
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另一个状态中最大速率3发生在负速度段,所以三角形深度为3。先求T,再用总路程14.4除以总时间。
答题过程
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The greatest positive velocity is , so the stated greatest speed corresponds to minimum velocity .
Since the particle returns to ,
Thus
The total distance is . Hence the average speed is