题目
Two particles and , of masses and respectively, are attached to the ends of a light inextensible string. The string passes over a fixed smooth pulley at which is attached to two inclined planes. Particle lies on a smooth plane which is inclined at to the horizontal. Particle lies on plane which is inclined at an angle of to the horizontal. The string is taut and the particles can move on lines of greatest slope of the two planes (see diagram).
(a) It is given that , the plane is rough and the coefficient of friction between and the plane is . The particles are released from rest.
Determine whether the particles move.
(b) It is given instead that the plane is smooth. The particles are released from rest and in the subsequent motion the tension in the string is .
Find the magnitude of the acceleration of as it moves on the plane, and find the value of .
题目中文翻译
两个质点 和 的质量分别为 和 ,连接在一根不可伸长的轻绳两端。轻绳绕过位于 点、连接于两个斜面的固定光滑滑轮。质点 位于与水平面成 角的光滑斜面 上。质点 位于与水平面成 角的斜面 上。绳处于绷紧状态,质点可沿两个斜面的最大坡度线运动(见图)。
(a) 已知 ,斜面 粗糙,且 与斜面 之间的摩擦系数为 。两质点从静止释放。
判断两质点是否运动。
(b) 若改为已知斜面 光滑。两质点从静止释放,在随后的运动中,绳的张力为 。
求 在斜面上运动时的加速度大小及 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先检查静摩擦能否阻止运动,不预先把摩擦当成实际极限值。较重P的下坡重力差为0.866,最大静摩擦只有0.35,故不能保持静止。
答题过程
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With both inclinations , the difference between the downslope weight components is
The normal reaction on is
Thus the greatest available static friction on is
Since
friction cannot maintain equilibrium. Therefore , with down and up .
(b)
解法一
思路
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用给定张力对P列牛顿第二定律,正加速度确认P下滑。再对Q或系统求坡角,选择锐角。
答题过程
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Take down as positive. With ,
Thus , giving
This positive value confirms the assumed direction. For moving up the smooth plane,
Hence
Taking the acute inclination,