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CIE 9709 2023 June Paper 41 Q7

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2023 June Paper 41 Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

A car of mass 1200 kg1200\,\mathrm{kg} is travelling along a straight horizontal road. The power of the car’s engine is constant and is equal to 16 kW16\,\mathrm{kW}. There is a constant resistance to motion of magnitude 500 N500\,\mathrm{N}.

(a) Find the acceleration of the car at an instant when its speed is 20 m s−120\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

(3)

(b) Assuming that the power and the resistance forces remain unchanged, find the steady speed at which the car can travel.

(2)

The car comes to the bottom of a straight hill of length 316 m316\,\mathrm{m}, inclined at an angle to the horizontal of sin⁡−1(160)\sin^{-1}\bigl(\frac1{60}\bigr). The power remains constant at 16 kW16\,\mathrm{kW}, but the magnitude of the resistance force is no longer constant and changes such that the work done against the resistance force in ascending the hill is 128400 J128400\,\mathrm{J}. The time taken to ascend the hill is 15 s15\,\mathrm{s}.

(c) Given that the car is travelling at a speed of 20 m s−120\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} at the bottom of the hill, find its speed at the top of the hill.

(6)

题目中文翻译

一辆质量为 1200 kg1200\,\mathrm{kg} 的汽车沿笔直的水平道路行驶。汽车发动机的功率恒定,为 16 kW16\,\mathrm{kW}。汽车受到大小恒为 500 N500\,\mathrm{N} 的运动阻力。

(a) 求汽车速率为 20 m s−120\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的瞬间的加速度。

(3)

(b) 假设功率和阻力保持不变,求汽车能够行驶的稳定速率。

(2)

汽车到达一个长为 316 m316\,\mathrm{m} 的笔直山坡底端,山坡与水平面的夹角为 sin⁡−1(160)\sin^{-1}\bigl(\frac1{60}\bigr)。功率仍恒为 16 kW16\,\mathrm{kW},但阻力大小不再恒定,其变化使得汽车上坡过程中克服阻力所做的功为 128400 J128400\,\mathrm{J}。上坡所用的时间为 15 s15\,\mathrm{s}。

(c) 已知汽车在坡底的速率为 20 m s−120\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}},求它在坡顶的速率。

(6)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

由恒功率求当时驱动力,再扣除恒阻力求加速度。

答题过程

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At speed 20 m s−120\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}, the driving force is

F=1600020=800 N.F=\frac{16000}{20}=800\,\mathrm{N}.

Thus

1200a=800−500=300,a=0.25 m s−2.1200a=800-500=300, \qquad \boxed{a=0.25\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

稳速要求驱动力等于阻力,直接用功率除以500。

答题过程

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At steady speed,

16000v=500.\frac{16000}{v}=500.

Therefore

v=32 m s−1.\boxed{v=32\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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阻力功已知,直接用发动机功减阻力功和势能增加,得到动能增加,不假定恒加速度。

答题过程

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The engine does work 16000(15)=240000 J16000(15)=240000\,\mathrm{J}. The gain in gravitational potential energy is

1200(10)(316)(160)=63200 J.1200(10)(316)\bigg(\frac1{60}\bigg)=63200\,\mathrm{J}.

The work-energy equation gives

240000−128400= 600(v2−202)+63200.\begin{align*} 240000-128400=&\,600(v^2-20^2)+63200. \end{align*}

Thus

600v2=288400.600v^2=288400.

Taking the positive root,

v=14423≈21.9 m s−1.v=\sqrt{\frac{1442}{3}} \approx\boxed{21.9\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.