题目
A car of mass is travelling along a straight horizontal road. The power of the car’s engine is constant and is equal to . There is a constant resistance to motion of magnitude .
(a) Find the acceleration of the car at an instant when its speed is .
(b) Assuming that the power and the resistance forces remain unchanged, find the steady speed at which the car can travel.
The car comes to the bottom of a straight hill of length , inclined at an angle to the horizontal of . The power remains constant at , but the magnitude of the resistance force is no longer constant and changes such that the work done against the resistance force in ascending the hill is . The time taken to ascend the hill is .
(c) Given that the car is travelling at a speed of at the bottom of the hill, find its speed at the top of the hill.
题目中文翻译
一辆质量为 的汽车沿笔直的水平道路行驶。汽车发动机的功率恒定,为 。汽车受到大小恒为 的运动阻力。
(a) 求汽车速率为 的瞬间的加速度。
(b) 假设功率和阻力保持不变,求汽车能够行驶的稳定速率。
汽车到达一个长为 的笔直山坡底端,山坡与水平面的夹角为 。功率仍恒为 ,但阻力大小不再恒定,其变化使得汽车上坡过程中克服阻力所做的功为 。上坡所用的时间为 。
(c) 已知汽车在坡底的速率为 ,求它在坡顶的速率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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由恒功率求当时驱动力,再扣除恒阻力求加速度。
答题过程
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At speed , the driving force is
Thus
(b)
解法一
思路
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稳速要求驱动力等于阻力,直接用功率除以500。
答题过程
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At steady speed,
Therefore
(c)
解法一
思路
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阻力功已知,直接用发动机功减阻力功和势能增加,得到动能增加,不假定恒加速度。
答题过程
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The engine does work . The gain in gravitational potential energy is
The work-energy equation gives
Thus
Taking the positive root,