题目
Two particles and , of masses and respectively, lie on a smooth horizontal table. moves towards with a speed of and collides with , which is moving towards with a speed of . In the collision the two particles come to rest.
(a) Find the value of .
(b) Find the loss of kinetic energy of the system due to the collision.
题目中文翻译
两个质点 和 的质量分别为 和 ,位于光滑水平台面上。 以 的速率向 运动,并与 碰撞; 正以 的速率向 运动。碰撞中两个质点均变为静止。
(a) 求 的值。
(b) 求此次碰撞造成的系统动能损失。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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两粒子相向运动,取A的初始方向为正,碰后总动量为零。
答题过程
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Taking the initial direction of as positive, conservation of momentum gives
Hence
(b)
解法一
思路
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碰后两者都静止,所以损失就是碰前两个动能之和,动能只用速率平方。
答题过程
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The final kinetic energy is zero, so the loss is