题目
A particle of mass is placed on a rough plane which is inclined at an angle of to the horizontal. The particle is kept in equilibrium by a horizontal force of magnitude acting in a vertical plane containing a line of greatest slope (see diagram). The coefficient of friction between the particle and plane is .
Find the least possible value of .
题目中文翻译
一个质量为 的质点放在与水平面成 角的粗糙斜面上。一个大小为 的水平力使质点保持平衡,该力位于包含一条最大坡度线的竖直平面内(见图)。质点与斜面之间的摩擦系数为 。
求 的最小可能值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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最小水平推力对应即将下滑,摩擦向上且达到极限。水平推力同时压紧斜面,支持力也含P的分量。
答题过程
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For the least , the particle is on the point of sliding down, so limiting friction acts up the plane. Resolving perpendicular to the plane,
Resolving up the plane with ,
Substituting for gives
Hence
解法二
思路
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也可沿水平、竖直方向分解支持力与摩擦,先解出支持力,再求水平推力。
答题过程
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At the least , limiting friction acts up the slope, with . Vertical and horizontal equilibrium give
Thus
Therefore