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CIE 9709 2023 June Paper 42 Q7

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2023 June Paper 42 Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

Two particles PP and QQ, of masses 2 kg2\,\mathrm{kg} and 0.25 kg0.25\,\mathrm{kg} respectively, are connected by a light inextensible string that passes over a fixed smooth pulley. Particle PP is on an inclined plane at an angle of 30∘30^\circ to the horizontal. Particle QQ hangs below the pulley. Three points AA, BB and CC lie on a line of greatest slope of the plane with AB=0.8 mAB=0.8\,\mathrm{m} and BC=1.2 mBC=1.2\,\mathrm{m} (see diagram).

Particle PP is released from rest at AA with the string taut and slides down the plane. During the motion of PP from AA to CC, QQ does not reach the pulley. The part of the plane from AA to BB is rough, with coefficient of friction 0.30.3 between the plane and PP. The part of the plane from BB to CC is smooth.

(a) (i) Find the acceleration of PP between AA and BB.

(4)

(ii) Hence, find the speed of PP at CC.

(5)

(b) Find the time taken for PP to travel from AA to CC.

(4)

题目中文翻译

两个质点 PP 和 QQ 的质量分别为 2 kg2\,\mathrm{kg} 和 0.25 kg0.25\,\mathrm{kg},由一根绕过固定光滑滑轮的不可伸长轻绳连接。质点 PP 位于与水平面成 30∘30^\circ 角的斜面上。质点 QQ 悬挂在滑轮下方。三个点 AA、BB 和 CC 位于斜面的一条最大坡度线上,其中 AB=0.8 mAB=0.8\,\mathrm{m},BC=1.2 mBC=1.2\,\mathrm{m}(见图)。

质点 PP 在绳绷紧的情况下从 AA 点由静止释放,沿斜面向下滑动。在 PP 从 AA 运动到 CC 的过程中,QQ 不会到达滑轮。斜面从 AA 到 BB 的部分粗糙,斜面与 PP 之间的摩擦系数为 0.30.3。斜面从 BB 到 CC 的部分光滑。

(a) (i) 求 PP 在 AA 与 BB 之间运动时的加速度。

(4)

(ii) 由此求 PP 在 CC 点的速率。

(5)

(b) 求 PP 从 AA 运动到 CC 所用的时间。

(4)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)(i)

解法一

思路

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P下坡、Q上升。粗糙段支持力决定摩擦,对整体列牛顿第二定律消去张力。

答题过程

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On ABAB, the friction on PP is

F=0.3(2)(10)cos⁡30∘=33 N.F=0.3(2)(10)\cos30^\circ=3\sqrt3\,\mathrm{N}.

Resolving for the whole system in the direction of motion,

2(10)sin⁡30∘−F−0.25(10)=2.25a1.2(10)\sin30^\circ-F-0.25(10)=2.25a_1.

Therefore

a1=10−433 m s−2≈1.02 m s−2.\boxed{a_1=\frac{10-4\sqrt3}{3}\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}} \approx1.02\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

(a)(ii)

解法一

思路

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承接(a)(i)先求B处速率,进入光滑段后重新求加速度,再求C处速率。

答题过程

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Using the acceleration from (a)(i), the speed uu at BB satisfies

u2=2a1(0.8)=80−32315.u^2=2a_1(0.8)=\frac{80-32\sqrt3}{15}. u=1.279957… m s−1.u=1.279957\ldots\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

On smooth BCBC, the system equation gives

10−2.5=2.25a2,a2=103.10-2.5=2.25a_2,\qquad a_2=\frac{10}{3}.

Thus the speed vv at CC satisfies

v2=u2+2(103)(1.2)=u2+8.v^2=u^2+2\bigg(\frac{10}{3}\bigg)(1.2)=u^2+8.

Hence

v≈3.10 m s−1.v\approx\boxed{3.10\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.

解法二

思路

展开

承接粗糙段加速度求B速率,光滑段则对系统写机械能变化,不需重新算张力。

答题过程

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From (a)(i),

u2=2a1(0.8)=80−32315.u^2=2a_1(0.8)=\frac{80-32\sqrt3}{15}.

Over BCBC, the decrease in the system’s potential energy is

2(10)(1.2)sin⁡30∘−0.25(10)(1.2)=9 J.2(10)(1.2)\sin30^\circ-0.25(10)(1.2)=9\,\mathrm{J}.

There is no friction on this section, so

12(2.25)(v2−u2)=9,v2=u2+8.\frac12(2.25)(v^2-u^2)=9, \qquad v^2=u^2+8.

Therefore

v≈3.10 m s−1.v\approx\boxed{3.10\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.

解法三

思路

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用(a)(i)的系统受力结果识别粗糙段摩擦,再对整个A到C过程作能量平衡,摩擦只作用于前0.8米。

答题过程

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From the system equation in (a)(i), the friction on ABAB is F=7.5−2.25a1=33 NF=7.5-2.25a_1=3\sqrt3\,\mathrm{N}. Over the complete 2 m2\,\mathrm{m} journey, PP descends vertically by 1 m1\,\mathrm{m} and QQ rises by 2 m2\,\mathrm{m}.

The total loss in potential energy is

2(10)(2sin⁡30∘)−0.25(10)(2)=15 J.2(10)(2\sin30^\circ)-0.25(10)(2)=15\,\mathrm{J}.

The work-energy equation is

12(2.25)v2+33(0.8)=15.\frac12(2.25)v^2+3\sqrt3(0.8)=15.

Hence

v=15−2.431.125≈3.10 m s−1.v=\sqrt{\frac{15-2.4\sqrt3}{1.125}} \approx\boxed{3.10\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.

解法四

思路

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两阶段分别用能量,也能清楚保留B处的速度衔接。第一段摩擦取自(a)(i),第二段没有摩擦。

答题过程

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Using F=7.5−2.25a1=33F=7.5-2.25a_1=3\sqrt3 from (a)(i), the work-energy equation on ABAB is

1.125u2+0.8F= 2(10)(0.8)sin⁡30∘ −0.25(10)(0.8).\begin{align*} 1.125u^2+0.8F=&\,2(10)(0.8)\sin30^\circ\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}-0.25(10)(0.8). \end{align*}

Thus

1.125u2=6−2.43,u2=80−32315.1.125u^2=6-2.4\sqrt3, \qquad u^2=\frac{80-32\sqrt3}{15}.

On BCBC,

12(2.25)(v2−u2)= 2(10)(1.2)sin⁡30∘ −0.25(10)(1.2)= 9.\begin{align*} \frac12(2.25)(v^2-u^2)=&\,2(10)(1.2)\sin30^\circ\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}-0.25(10)(1.2)\\[4mm] =&\,9. \end{align*}

Therefore v2=u2+8v^2=u^2+8, giving

v≈3.10 m s−1.v\approx\boxed{3.10\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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每段各自匀加速,分开求时间。保留B、C速度未舍入值,第二段可用平均速率。

答题过程

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Let uu and vv be the unrounded speeds at BB and CC from (a)(ii). On ABAB,

t1=ua1=1.250041… s.t_1=\frac{u}{a_1}=1.250041\ldots\,\mathrm{s}.

On BCBC, using the average speed,

t2=2(1.2)u+v=0.547380… s.t_2=\frac{2(1.2)}{u+v}=0.547380\ldots\,\mathrm{s}.

Hence the total time is

t1+t2≈1.80 s(3 s.f.).t_1+t_2\approx\boxed{1.80\,\mathrm{s}}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}.